超低密度气凝胶的制备及应用

Preparation of the Ultralow Density Aerogel and Its Application

超低密度气凝胶是一类具有超轻质特性的多孔固体材料,较常规气凝胶具有更高的孔隙率与更为多样化的表面特性,其独特的物理与化学性质使其作为新型纳米多孔材料在诸多新兴领域得到了重要应用。在制备过程中保留超低密度气凝胶高度发达的三维孔隙结构,以及在实际应用中发挥超低密度气凝胶独特的功能特性是气凝胶领域近年来的研究重点之一。本文按照超低密度气凝胶的主要类型综述了该材料制备技术的最新研究进展,探讨了其在空间探测、阻燃隔热、储能、吸附、催化以及传感领域的应用方式;通过分析目前研究中存在的主要问题,对未来的发展方向,如突破常压干燥制备技术、开展各类复合气凝胶或结构有序可控的超低密度气凝胶的制备、系统性地研究超轻质特性对气凝胶特定功能的影响规律等进行了展望。

Ultralow density aerogel is a kind of porous solid material with super lightweight property which has a higher porosity and more diversified surface properties than common aerogel.The unique physical and chemical characteristics make ultralow density aerogel a new nano-porous material to be applied in many new research fields.Recently,it is a research focus of the aerogel field to preserve the highly developed three dimensional pore structure in the fabrication process of the ultralow density aerogel,and make its unique characteristics to be functioned in practical applications.In this review,according to the main types of the ultralow density aerogel,the up to date research progress of its preparation technologies is introduced.Moreover,the application modes and functional characteristics of the ultralow density aerogel in the fields of space exploration,fire and heat resistantance,energy storage,adsorption,catalysis and sensing are discussed.By discussing the existing problems of the current research,perspectives of the ultralow density aerogel,such as breaking through the ambient drying method,carrying out the fabrication of composite aerogel or ultralow density aerogel with controlled structure,systematic studying the influence of the super lightweight property on specific functions are also presented.