不同除草剂对浅埋滴灌栽培模式下玉米田杂草防效研究

Effect of Different Herbicide on Weed Control in Maize Fields under Shallow Subsurface Drip Irrigation

为了筛选浅埋滴灌种植春玉米适宜的除草剂种类以及减量下的防控效果,选用不同种类的土壤封闭型除草剂和茎叶型除草剂对玉米田杂草进行防控,采用田间小区药效试验,分别于不同时期调查杂草种类、株数以及防效.研究结果表明,施用封闭型除草剂对杂草防效结果为:64%乙·莠·滴丁酯防效较好,并且在低浓度下施药后30 d防效可以达到88%以上,是理想的玉米除草剂;64%乙·莠·滴丁酯悬浮剂3 000 mL/hm2处理替代38%莠去津悬浮剂4 500 mL/hm^2,可减少除草剂使用量的33.33%.施用苗后茎叶型除草剂对玉米杂草防效结果为:28%(5.5%+20%+2.5%)硝·烟·莠防效较好,并且在低浓度下防效也较高,施药后30 d防效达到84.48%,其次是烟嘧·莠去津防效达到80.68%;24%(4%+20%)烟嘧·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂1 500 mL/hm2和28%(5.5%+20%+2.5%)硝·烟·莠可分散油悬浮剂2 400 m L/hm^2、2 700 mL/hm^2处理替代38%莠去津悬浮剂6 000 mL/hm^2,药剂混用后可分别降低除草剂使用量的75%、60%和55%.试验结果可为通辽地区浅埋滴灌栽培模式下玉米田化学防草提供理论依据.

In order to select suitable herbicides in shallow subsurface irrigated spring corn,soil-and foliar-applied herbicides were investigated. Records were kept of the weed species,plant number and control effect at different periods. Effects of soil-applied herbicides were as follows:the 64% g·atrazine·2,4-D butyl ester weed control was better than others and the control effect was more than 88% at 30 d after treatments at low concentration,which was the ideal herbicide for maize. Treatment of 64% acetochlor·atrazine·2,4-D butyl ester suspension 3 000 mL/hm^2 instead of 38% atrazine suspension 4 500 mL/hm^2 can be reduced by 33.33% after mixing. Effects of foliar-applied herbicides were as follows:28%(5.5%+20%+2.5%)mesotrione·nicosulfuron·atrazine weed control was better than other foliar-applied treatments and 30 d after application at low concentration control could reach 84.44%,followed by the control effect of the other foliar-applied herbicide reaching 80.68% control. Treatment of 24%(4%+20%)nicosulfuron·atrazine1 500 m L/hm^2 and 28%(5.5%+20%+2.5%)mesotrione·nicosulfuron·atrazine 2 400 mL/hm^2,2700 mL/hm^2 instead of 38% atrazine suspension 6 000 mL/hm^2 can be reduced by 75,60 and 55% respectively. These results provide a theoretical basis for the chemical treatment of weeds in maize field under shallow subsurface irrigation in the Tongliao area.