1944—1947年中国共产党省自治主张研究

Study on the Idea of Provincial Autonomy of the CPC From 1944 to 1947

抗战胜利前后,中国共产党为保障解放区民主政权的存在和发展,援引孙中山地方自治思想,主张国民政府实行省自治并力主其入宪。1946年1月政协决议确立省自治原则,在2月至4月的宪草审议活动中,中国共产党为维护省自治,与国民党、青年党展开激烈斗争。全面内战爆发后,中国共产党在边区制宪探索过程中,根据革命形势发展与时俱进,最终在1947年《后甘泉后期宪草初稿》中以民主集中制取代省自治作为处理央地关系的新原则。中国共产党的省自治主张,有力配合了其参加民主联合政府与各党派协商建国的革命政策,同时丰富完善了孙中山地方自治思想,对国民党制宪活动产生了一定影响,对于今日科学处理央地关系等也有一定借鉴意义。

Before and after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,in order to ensure the existence and development of the democratic regime in the liberated areas,the CPC quoted Sun Yat-sen's thought of local self-government,and advocated the national government to implement provincial autonomy and to incorporate it into the constitution.In January 1946,the Political Consultative Conference decided to establish the principle of provincial autonomy.During the deliberation of the constitution draft from February to April,the CPC launched a fierce struggle with KMT and the Youth Party of China to maintain provincial autonomy.After the full-scale civil war broke out,the CPC in the process of constitutional exploration in the border areas,kept pace with the times according to the development of the revolutionary situation,and finally adopted democratic centralism instead of provincial autonomy as a new principle to deal with the relationship between the central and local governments in The First Draft of the Constitution in the Later Period of Houganquan in 1947.The idea of provincial autonomy of the CPC was in strong favor of its revolutionary policy of participating in the democratic coalition government and negotiating with various parties for the founding of the country.At the same time,it enriched and improved Sun Yat-sen's thought of local autonomy,which had a certain impact on the constitutional activities of KMT,and also had a certain reference significance for Chinese in scientifically dealing with the relationship between the central and local governments.