剪叶遮光对小麦产量相关性状及籽粒形态性状的影响

Effects of Defoliating or Shielding Photosynthesis Organs on Yield-related Traits and Kernel Morphological Traits in Wheat

为研究花后各光合器官对小麦产量相关性状及籽粒形态性状的影响,在旱地和水地条件下于开花期对鲁麦14、晋麦33、长4738进行了剪叶遮光处理。结果表明,旱地条件下叶片与茎秆的光合作用对千粒质量、单穗产量的贡献要大于穗器官,而水地条件下,穗器官光合作用的贡献大于叶片和茎秆;在2种水分条件下,剪叶遮光处理对小穗结实性没有显著影响,对穗粒数的影响依品种不同而有所差异,但大多数品种在光合器官严重受损时,会导致穗粒数减少;剪叶遮光处理对旱地条件下的小麦籽粒形态性状影响不大,在水地条件下当光合器官严重受损时,各小麦品种的籽粒形态性状会发生不同程度的变化。剪叶遮光处理后小麦产量相关性状及籽粒形态性状的表现,会因品种类型、水分条件而有所差异。

The effect of every photosynthesis organ on yield-related traits and kernel morphological traits in wheat after flowering was explored through defoliating or shielding photosynthesis organs of three wheat varieties(Lumai 14,Jinmai 33 and Chang 4738)in drought and watering condition.The results showed that the photosynthesis of leaf and shoot together contributed more to 1000-grain quality and yield per ear than that of ear organs in drought condition,while the photosynthesis of ear organs played more important role than the combined effects of leaf and shoot in watering condition.The treatments of defoliating or shielding photosynthesis organs had no significant effect of the spikelet fertility in both drought and watering conditions,but it decreased the kernel number per ear of most varieties when their photosynthetic organs were seriously damaged.Besides,defoliating or shielding photosynthesis organs treatments did not influence kernel morphological traits in drought condition,while they affected these traits of every variety to some degree in watering condition,when the photosynthesis organs were seriously damaged.Therefore,the effects of defoliating or shielding photosynthesis organs treatment on wheat yield-related traits and kernel morphological traits varied with variety and watering condition.