山东省中老年人骨质疏松症自我效能和自我管理行为调查

Osteoporosis-related self-efficacy and self-management behaviors among middle-aged and elderly residents in Shandong province

目的了解山东省中老年人骨质疏松症自我效能水平和自我管理行为现状,为开展社区骨质疏松防控工作提供策略依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法于2016年12月—2017年3月在山东省烟台、青岛、潍坊、临沂、济南和聊城6个项目市抽取3134名中老年人进行骨质疏松症自我效能和自我管理行为问卷调查。结果山东省中老年人骨质疏松症自我效能总分为(63.22±26.49)分,其中运动效能和摄钙效能得分分别为(29.40±13.82)和(33.82±14.64)分;山东省3134名中老年人中,"注意阅读食物成分标签上钙含量"、"注意阅读食物成分标签上维生素D含量"、"选择高钙食物"、"选择高维生素D食物"、"坚持科学生活方式"和"每周保持≥3次有氧运动且≥30分/次"等骨质疏松症自我管理行为较好者分别为287、315、935、627、1046和965人,分别占9.2%、10.1%、29.9%、20.1%、33.4%和30.9%;不同骨质疏松症自我管理行为中老年人比较,各项行为中差、一般、好的中老年人自我效能总分均逐渐增高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论山东省中老年人骨质疏松症自我效能处于中等水平,自我管理行为较差,需要进一步提高自我效能,从而促进良好自我管理行为的养成。

Objective To examine osteoporosis-related self-efficacy and self-management behavior among middle-aged and elderly residents in Shandong province and to improve evidences for osteoporosis prevention.Methods Using stratified multi-stage random sampling,we conducted a questionnaire survey among 3134 residents aged≥40 years selected in 5 communities in each of 6 municipalities in Shandong province from December 2016 to March 2017.Results For all the participants,the mean overall score of osteoporosis-related self-efficacy was 63.22±26.49 and the self-efficacy domain scores were 29.40±13.82 for physical exercise and 33.82±14.64 for calcium intake,respectively.Among the participants,the number(ratio)of reporting various osteoporosis-related self-management behaviors were 287(9.2%)for paying an attention to calcium content on food ingredient labels,315(10.1%)for paying an attention to vitamin D(VD)content on food ingredient labels,935(29.9%)for consuming food with a high content of calcium,627(20.1%)for consuming food with a high content of VD,1046(33.4%)for persisting in healthy lifestyle,and 965(30.9%)for having an aerobic exercise of at least 30 minutes three times or more in a week,respectively.The total score of self-efficacy increased with the level of osteoporosis-related self-management behaviors significantly among the participants(P<0.01).Conclusion Osteoporosisrelated self-efficacy is at a moderate level but the self-management behavior is poor among the middle-aged and elderly residents in Shandong province,suggesting that measures should be implemented to promote osteoporosis-related selfefficacy for the development of self-management behaviors in the population.