全球知识搜索与企业创新绩效:基于两维度制度视角的实证分析

Global Knowledge Search and Firm Innovation Performance: Empirical Evidence from Institutional Perspective

开放式创新背景下,广泛的外部知识搜索有助于企业发现互补性知识进而促进创新。文章通过匹配2008~2011年中国科技部企业创新数据、国家知识产权局知识产权侵权数据和世界银行WDI数据等微观数据,从理论和实证上考察了全球知识搜索对企业创新绩效的影响,并聚焦于区域制度和企业制度环境的异质性对两者关系的调节作用。文章进一步利用2004~2009年中国工业企业数据库、中国境外投资企业(机构)名录和企业专利数据,对实证结果进行了验证。研究结果表明,全球知识搜索正向影响企业创新绩效;区域制度因素中的区域市场化程度而非地区知识产权保护程度、企业制度因素中的企业政治关联和政府人才计划均正向调节全球知识搜索对企业创新绩效的影响。其中,政府人才计划的作用最为显著且影响最大。研究结果为中国企业在缺少竞争性内部研发能力而外部知识产权保护又弱化的情况下仍然能够产生创新成果这一悖论提供了重要的理论解释。当前阶段,充分发挥中国的制度优势,尤其是鼓励培养和引进人才可作为企业创新的制胜选择。

In the context of open innovation,external knowledge search enhances innovation performance by providing complementary knowledge. By combining the enterprise innovation data of China’s Ministry of Science and Technology in 2008 ~ 2011,the intellectual property rights( IPR) data of State Intellectual Property Office and the WDI data of world bank,this paper examines theoretically and empirically the effects of global knowledge search on innovation performance of Chinese firms by focusing on how the heterogeneity of institutional parameters moderate such relationship. And the results are independently replicated using the China industrial enterprise database from 2004 to 2009,the China overseas investment enterprise( institution) list and the enterprise patent data. It shows that global knowledge search has a positive effect on innovation performance of Chinese firms and this effect is more pronounced when the levels of regional marketization,government talent programe and political ties are higher. Especially,government talent programe shows the most significant and the largest moderating effect. While the level of regional IPR protection shows no significant effect,our findings offer a powerful explanation as to why Chinese firms can still innovate in lack of competitive internal R&D capabilities and operating under weak IPR regimes. In the current stage,making full use of our institutional advantages,especially encouraging the cultivation and introduction of talent could be the choice for enterprise innovation.