数据立法域外适用现象及中国因应策略

The Extraterritorial Application of Data Law and China’s Countermeasures

数字技术的蓬勃发展多层次地影响着世界经济格局,全球各国也将数据治理作为法治的重要内容之一。各国数据治理理念千差万别,但晚近以来呈现共同趋势——立法规则域外适用扩张现象明显。美国、欧盟通过输出数据治理理念抢占全球规则制定话语权,加强对数据主体权利保护,建立统一保护水平的数据流通市场来促进本国数字产业发展。中国政府在他国数据立法域外适用扩张背景下应积极制定因应策略:加快国内相关数据立法;对他国数据规则的域外适用进行阻断;保护国内数据主体权利,适当限制数据跨境流动。中国跨国企业应深入研究他国法律规则,采取不同措施以达到合规要求。

The robust development of digital technology affects the world economic pattern in many ways,and data governance is one of the important contents of the rule of law in the world.The concept of data governance varies greatly in different countries,but in recent years,there has been a common trend-the expansion of extraterritorial application of legislative rules.By promoting the extraterritorial application of data legislation,the data governance legislation rules of the United States and the European Union,which establishes a unified protection of data circulation market to promote development of domestic digital industry,and highlights the protection of personal data rights as human rights,is designed to improve the convenience of data governance supervision,export the legislative value of data governance and seize the discourse on global rule-making.Against the background of the extraterritorial application of data legislation in other countries,the Chinese government and Chinese multinational enterprises should actively formulate corresponding strategies:to speed up the domestic relevant data legislation;to counter the extraterritorial application of data rules of other countries;to protect the rights of domestic data subjects,appropriately restrict the cross-border flow of data;multinational enterprises should have a better understanding of the data rules of other countries,and take different measures to meet the compliance requirements,etc.