七星河国家级自然保护区鸟类物种多样性研究

Bird Species Diversity in Qixing River National Nature Reserve

为了系统掌握黑龙江省七星河国家级自然保护区中的鸟类分布状况,2014年2月至2018年11月期间,在该保护区内,采用样线法和样点法,开展了鸟类物种多样性调查和研究。调查和研究结果显示,共记录鸟类14目29科45属67种,还有一些未辨识的雁鸭类、鹰隼类、鹬类和鸥类物种,未纳入鸟类物种数量统计数据。在67种鸟中,在居留型组成方面,有夏候鸟50种(占记录的鸟类物种总数的74.6%),冬候鸟2种(占3.0%),旅鸟6种(占9.0%),留鸟9种(占13.4%);在区系类型方面,有古北界种45种(占67.2%),东洋界种1种(占1.5%),两界广布种21种(占31.3%);有国家一级重点保护鸟类2种,国家二级重点保护鸟类13种,黑龙江省重点保护鸟类11种。按照Berger-Parker优势度指数,区分优势种(优势度≥0.05),该保护区有1种优势种,为小白额雁(Anser erythropus);有常见种5种,分别为白鹭(Egretta garzetta)、斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)、苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)、骨顶鸡(Fulica atra)和红嘴鸥(Larus ridibundus);有少见种和偶见种共61种。在蓄水池记录到的鸟类物种数量和个体数量都最多,分别为60种409 984只。宝平管理站与七星河管理站的鸟类群落最相似。

To systematically grasp the distribution of the birds in Qixing River National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang province, the sample line method and the sample point method were used to study the species diversity of the birds in this area from February 2014 to November 2018. A total of 67 species belonging to 14 orders, 29 families and 44 generas have been recorded. Some unidentified geese, ducks, hawksbills, salamanders and gulls were not included in the statistical data. Among the 67 species of the birds, there were 50 species of summer migratory birds(accounting for 74.6% of the total recorded bird species), 2 species of winter migratory birds(3.0%), 6 species of migratory birds(9.0%) and 9 species of resident birds(13.4%) in the composition of residential type. In terms of fauna types, 45 species were belonging to Palaearctic realm(67.2%), one specie was belonging to Oriental realm(1.5%), and 21 species of widespread species(31.3%), there were 2 species of the first-class national protect birds, 13 species of second-class national protect birds and 11 key protected species of Heilongjiang province. According to the Berger-Parker dominance index to distinguish dominant species(dominant degree is more than or equals 0.05), there was one dominant specie in the reserve,which is Anser erythropus and there were 5 common species, namely Egretta garzetta, Anas poecilorhyncha,Ardea cinerea, Fulica atra and Larus ridibundus;and there were 61 rare and occasional species. The numbers of species and individuals recorded in the reservoir were the largest, which were 60 and 409 984, respectively.The communities of bird were the most similar in Baoping Management Station and Qixing River Management Station.