高强度负荷训练对体能主导和技能主导者心电图及相关指标的影响研究

Study on the effect of high-intensity load training on electrocardiogram and related indicators of physical ability-leading athletes and skill-leading athletes

目的探讨高强度负荷训练对体能主导和技能主导者心电图及相关指标的影响,以期根据运动员的整体机能状态,科学合理地安排训练和比赛。方法选择浙江体育职业技术学院在2018年1月~2019年1月加入本研究的150名运动员,技能主导类运动员61名纳入技能组,体能主导类运动员89名纳入体能组。两组运动员均给予相同的高强度负荷训练,对两组受试者训练前后分别进行心电图检查,比较两组受试者心电图指标、心率、血压、不良心血管事件发生率。结果高强度负荷训练后技能组心率减速率(DC)低于体能组,心率变异性(HRV)、QT离散度(QTd)均高于体能组(P<0.05)。高强度负荷训练后技能组心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)均高于体能组(P<0.05)。技能组不良心血管事件发生率为19.67%(12/61)高于体能组的5.62%(5/89)(P<0.05)。结论运动员经高强度负荷训练后,相比于体能主导者,技能主导者机体交感神经兴奋性明显增强,各项心电图指标有明显改变,增加了运动者的心肌易损性,各种心律失常及不良心血管事件发生增多。

Objective To discuss the effect of high-intensity load training on ECG and related indicators of physical ability-leading athletes and skill-leading athletes,in order to arrange training and competition scientifically and reasonably according to the overall functional state of athletes.Methods 150 athletes from Zhejiang College of Sports were selected to join the study from January 2018 to January 2019.61 skill-leading athletes were included in the skill group,and 89 physical ability-leading athletes were included in the physical ability group.Both groups of athletes were given the same high-intensity load training.Electrocardiogram examination was performed before and after training on both groups of subjects.ECG indicators,heart rate,blood pressure,and incidence rate of adverse cardiovascular events were statistically analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results After high-intensity load training,the heart rate deceleration rate(DC)in the skill group was lower than that in the physical ability group.Heart rate variability(HRV)and QT dispersion(QTd)were higher than those in the physical ability group(P<0.05).After high-intensity load training,the heart rate(HR)and mean arterial pressure(MAP)in the skill group were higher than those in the physical ability group(P<0.05).The incidence rate of adverse cardiovascular events in the skill group was 19.67%(12/61),which was higher than that of 5.62%(5/89)in the physical ability group(P<0.05).Conclusion After high-intensity load training,compared with physical ability-leading athletes,skill-leading athletes'sympathetic nerve excitability is significantly enhanced,various ECG indicators have changed significantly,increasing the myocardial vulnerability of athletes,and increasing a variety of arrhythmias and adverse cardiovascular events.