新型城镇化下中部流出地村庄的人口转型特征与微观成因——以湖南岳阳市为例

PATTERNS AND MICRO CAUSES OF VILLAGE POPULATION TRANSFORMATION IN CHINA’S CENTRAL OUTFLOW AREA UNDER NEW URBANIZATION:A CASE STUDY OF YUEYANG,HUNAN PROVINCE

新型城镇化驱动下,乡村人口转型呈现就近非农化不断增强等新特征。本文以岳阳市为例,首先揭示人口转型的总体格局,选定城关型、偏远山区型、传统农业型三个典型村庄,全面透视其外出、常住人口的转型特征,揭示自然本底、地域经济、社会服务的影响。发现:中部地区人口以流向省外为主,但回流增强,主要流向镇街;城关型村庄人口以就近(地)非农化为主;偏远山区村庄异地城镇化为主、就近非农化为辅;传统农业村庄人口外流、就近城镇化与非农化并存;村庄资源禀赋及利用程度、地域经济水平、生活服务配套等对人口外出程度和距离、择居(业)、年龄和家庭结构、村庄兴衰有不同影响,城镇化应因况施策。

Driven by the new urbanization strategy, some new trends of village population transformation emerge, such as obvious localization of villagers’ transformation towards non-agricultural employment,which is typical in the central area experiencing great population outflow. This paper attempts to explore the new patterns and micro causes through a case study of Yueyang City, Hunan Province, which is a typical three/four-level cities in central China. The general patterns of rural population transformation of Yueyang and central China are elaborated first. One village is selected from the suburban area, remote mountainous area and traditional agricultural area, respectively, to explore the overall patterns of village population transformation and the impacts of three causes including natural endowment, regional economic development and social service accessibility. We find that population mobility in central China is dominated by inter-province migration, but inner-province migration increases gradually, especially to the local towns. For the suburban village, few population outflows, and most of them work in the non-agricultural sector in villages or the nearby urban and towns. The remote mountainous village witnesses large out-migration. The traditional agricultural village witnesses the coexistence of migration to nearby urban district and employment of most villagers in agriculture. Village endowments and economic development, and regional economic development and social service provision imposes different impacts on village’s migration degree, villagers’ migration distance, their choice of residence and employment, household structure and even the rise and decline of a village. Policy-making should be specific to village types to promote the new urbanization strategy.