五四知识分子通向列宁主义之路(1919—1921)

May Fourth Intellectuals Toward Leninism,1919-1921

从1919—1921这两年间,五四的激进知识分子,首先从"知识化主义"的点滴改造,走向寻求通盘解决的"信仰化主义";随后从"柔性化"的无政府主义、社会主义,走向"复调的马克思主义",最后认同"刚性化"的列宁主义。在这一过程当中,五四知识分子内部发生了三波的思想与组织的分化,首先是寻求点滴改良的温和知识分子与追求整体解决的激进知识分子的分化,其次是相信兼容各种"主义"的知识分子与认同马克思主义的知识分子的分化,最后是"复调的马克思主义"者与"一元的列宁主义"者的分化。到第三波分化完成,中共在信仰力和组织力两个层面自我定型,最后成为了一个布尔什维克的政党。

From 1919 to 1921,the radical intellectuals of the May Fourth period experienced a three-step intellectual transformation.First,it shifted from the accommodative approached intellectualism(Zhishihua zhuyi)to the transformative approached faithfulism(Xinyanghua zhuyi).Second,it changed from the flexible anarchism and socialism a polyphonic Marxism,and finally it identified with rigid Leninism.As a consequence,the organizations of the May Fourth intellectuals also differentiated during this period.The process started from the separation of the moderate intellectuals who searched for social reform accommodatively and the radical intellectuals,solving the social problems totally.Then,the differentiation occurred between the intellectuals who believed the compatibility with all kinds of isms and those who identified with Marxism.The last is the division of polyphonic Marxists and monistic Leninists.After that,the Chinese Communist Party had become a Bolshevik party through its self-molding on organizations and political faith.