旱作覆盖集雨条件下梨树生长对土壤水热的响应研究

Study on the Response of Pear Tree Growth to Soil Water and Heat Under Dry Farming and Rainfall Collection

研究旱作条件下不同覆盖处理对梨园土壤水热状况的影响,揭示幼龄玉露香梨树生长状况对土壤水热的响应,为果园覆盖栽培技术提供理论依据。试验共设置4个覆盖处理:全年地布覆盖(T1)、4-9月地布覆盖(T2)、10-翌年3月地布覆盖(T3)、全年秸秆覆盖(T4),并与对照组无覆盖(CK)进行对比。结果表明:不同覆盖处理对梨园土壤水分和土壤温度的影响不同,对梨树生长状况的影响也不同,并且各处理的新梢和树干直径累计生长均可用Logistic作物生长模型极好的拟合。其中秸秆覆盖处理能够使土壤体积含水率始终保持较高水平,具有较好的保温隔热作用,相比其他处理可明显促进梨树的生长发育,增加梨树的新梢累计增长量和树干直径累计增长量;与对照组无覆盖处理,覆盖能够明显改善土壤水热状况,促进梨树的生长发育。

The effects of different mulch treatments on the soil water and heat status of pear orchard under dry farming conditions were studied,and the response of young Yuluxiang pear tree growth status to soil water and heat was revealed,which provided a theoretical basis for orchard mulching cultivation techniques.A total of 4 coverage treatments were set up in the experiment,including year-round floor covering(T1),April-September floor covering(T2),October-March of the next year floor covering(T3),straw covering(T4),and the control group No coverage(CK)for comparison.The results showed that different mulching treatments had different effects on the soil moisture and soil temperature of pear orchards,as well as on the growth status of pear trees,and the cumulative growth of new shoots and trunk diameters of each treatment could be perfectly matched with Logistic crop growth models.Among them,straw mulching treatment could keep the soil volumetric moisture content at a relatively high level,and had better thermal insulation effect.Compared with other treatments,it could obviously promote the growth and development of pear trees,and increased the cumulative growth of pear tree new shoots and trunk diameter.Compared with the control group without mulch,mulching could significantly improve soil water and heat conditions and promoted the growth and development of pear trees.