不同氮磷钾水平对毛华菊生长发育的影响

Effect of Different N,P,K Proportions on the Development of Chrysanthemum vestitum

毛华菊(Chrysanthemum vestitum)是研究菊花生物学现象重要的材料,为了研究氮、磷、钾对毛华菊生长发育过程的影响,本文针对混合瓣型的毛华菊,采用L9(34)正交设计,探究不同水平的N(18 mg/L、74 mg/L、147 mg/L)、P(3 mg/L、12 mg/L、25 mg/L)、K(26 mg/L、105 mg/L、210 mg/L)配比对毛华菊生长发育的影响。结果表明:不同氮、磷、钾水平配比下,毛华菊的株高、茎粗、叶片数、单株的头状花数量和各器官的干物质重存在差异;N 18 mg/L:P 3 mg/L:K 29 mg/L、N 18 mg/L:P 12 mg/L:K 105 mg/L、N 18 mg/L:P 25 mg/L:K 210mg/L处理的毛华菊单株头状花序数与其他水平之间差异显著(P<0.05),以氮素的影响最显著;不同氮水平处理下毛华菊从上盆到现蕾、破蕾、盛花的时间差异极显著(P<0.01),N 147 mg/L:P 12 mg/L:K 26 mg/L处理开花最早,N 18 mg/L:P 3 mg/L:K 26 mg/L与其相比盛花时间晚了22 d;毛华菊头状花序的舌状花形态分化存在差异性,N 18 mg/L:P 3 mg/L:K 26 mg/L、N 18 mg/L:P 12 mg/L:K 105 mg/L处理的毛华菊舌状花平瓣类型数量分别为36.90%、28.26%,与其他处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),匙瓣数量的差异不显著,管瓣仅在N 147 mg/L:P 25 mg/L:K 105 mg/L与N 18 mg/L:P 3 mg/L:K 26 mg/L和N 18 mg/L:P 12 mg/L:K 105 mg/L差异显著(P<0.05)。

Chrysanthemum vestitum is an important material for studying the biological phenomenon of Crysanthemum×morifolium.In order to study the effect of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium on the growth and development of C.vestitum,we used the L9(34)orthogonal design for the mixed-lobe C.vestitum in this paper and explored different levels of N(18 mg/L,74 mg/L,147 mg/L),P(3 mg/L,12 mg/L,25 mg/L)and K(26 mg/L,105 mg/L,210 mg/L)on the growth and development of C.vestitum.The results showed that under different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium ratios,the plant height,stem diameter,number of leaves,number of head flowers per plant and dry matter weight of each plant were different;the difference between the treatment of N 18 mg/L:P 3 mg/L:K 29 mg/L,N 18 mg/L:P 12 mg/L:K 105 mg/L,N 18 mg/L:P 25 mg/L:K 210 mg/L of the number of head flower of C.vestitum and other levels was significant(P<0.05),the effect of nitrogen was the most significant;the difference of time from the upper pot to the bud,broken bud and full flower was significantly different under different nitrogen levels(P<0.01),N 147 mg/L:P 12 mg/L:K 26 mg/L treatment of flowering time was earliest,N 18 mg/L:P 3 mg/L:K 26 mg/L compared with it was later 22 d;the head flower morphological differentiation of C.vestitum was different,the number of scalloped flower stalks of N 18 mg/L:P 3 mg/L:K 26 mg/L,N 18 mg/L:P 12 mg/L:K 105 mg/L was 36.90%and 28.26%,respectively,which was significantly different from other treatments(P<0.05).The difference in the number of spoons was not significant.Only the tube of N 147 mg/L:P 25 mg/L:K 105 mg/L and N 18 mg/L:P 3 mg/L:K 26 mg/L and N 18 mg/L:P 12 mg/L:K 105 mg/L were significantly different(P<0.05).