基本均衡背景下民族地区义务教育发展研究——基于东、中、西部9省(区)26个民族县的调查分析

A Research Report on Balanced Development of County Compulsory Education in Minority Areas of China

民族地区义务教育是我国教育事业的重要组成部分和攻坚难点。在全面推进义务教育均衡发展的攻坚阶段,对9省(区)26个民族县的调查发现,民族地区义务教育事业取得了显著的成就:民族地区克服了经济和自然条件的制约,在标准化学校建设、校际差异系数和教育财政保障方面达到了国家认定标准,实现了县域内义务教育基本均衡。但民族地区义务教育发展仍面临教育供给职能多样化、办学形式特殊、办学成本较高和师资供给不畅等难点和问题。为加快民族地区义务教育事业发展,政府还需要:坚持民族地区“分级分类”指导原则,细化教育财政分类保障机制,设置不同权重的生均拨款标准;完善民族地区师资“定向培养”模式,创新省域内教师编制管理机制;完善民族学生助学金制度,巩固民族地区义务教育事业发展成果。

Compulsory education in minority areas is an important part of education in China.According to the investigation and analysis of 26 counties in 9 provinces of China,great achievements have been made in compulsory education in minority areas the support of central governments to minority areas has been significantly increased,and the policy of benefiting the people has been put in place.The school conditions have been comprehensively improved,and achieved the basic balance of the development of compulsory education in the country.However,there are also some difficulties,including the short board of school conditions,the form of school running restricted by the scattered population,the high cost of school running in the cold and hard areas,the high pressure of teachers'supplement and training,and the low satisfaction of education.To solve the problem,we need to improve the classification guarantee mechanism of the central government,set up the allocation standard of students with different weights,expand the scale of targeted teacher training,promote the reform of teaching mode in rural schools,and establish a new type of student financial aid policy to protect the educational rights of minority students.