山岳型乡村旅游地“三生”空间演变及优化——德庆金林水乡的案例实证

The spatial evolution and optimization of Production-Living-Ecology space in mountainous rural tourism destinations:A case study of Jinlin watery area in Deqing County,Guangdong Province

以德庆县金林水乡为例,采用参与式观察和空间统计法,选取2000、2008年和2018年3个时段分析旅游发展对山岳型乡村旅游地"三生"空间的影响,并探讨了金林水乡"三生"空间的发展瓶颈及优化路径。研究发现:(1)旅游开发前,金林水乡土地结构与用地功能单一且呈片状分布;村落呈现传统乡村风貌,基础设施不健全;空间形态变化稳定,扩张缓慢。(2)旅游开发后,土地利用类型多样化,出现新型复合用地;土地功能利用复杂化,以服务旅游业为主;村庄景观风貌现代化,生活空间更加宜居。(3)旅游开发前后对比可得,土地平面占地规模化,空间用地以居民点为核心,呈圈层状向外围扩张;生产-生活-生态空间相互转化,乡村聚落重构特征较为显著;村落景观风貌的变化较大,呈现城镇化趋势。(4)金林水乡"三生"空间演化与旅游发展存在的问题表现在生产用地效率不高,生活用地质量较低,生态空间不断萎缩,在旅游产业发展上表现为旅游产品单一且缺乏创新,旅游服务功能不完善等。为此从生活空间的提质、生产空间增效、生态空间保护、旅游产业创新以及土地利用五方面提出优化建议。

The Jinlin watery area of Deqing County,a mountainous rural tourism destination,was selected as an example.Using participatory observation and spatial statistics,the paper analyzed the influence of tourism development on the"Production-Living-Ecology"space of Jinlin watery area in 2000,2008 and 2018.We also discussed the bottleneck and optimization path of the"Production-Living-Ecology"space of Jinlin watery area.We found that(1)before the tourism development,the land structure of Jinlin watery area was single,with single land function and patchy distribution.The style of village was traditional and its infrastructure was imperfect.The spatial morphology changed steadily and expanded slowly.(2)After tourism development,land use types were diversified and new composite land appeared.The function of land use was complicated,mainly serving tourism.The landscape of the village was modernized and the living space became more comfortable.(3)Through comparing the development of before and after tourism,it showed that the land use became large-scale,and the space utilization took residential areas as the core and expanded to the periphery in the form of a circle.The"Production-Living-Ecology"space transformed into each other,and the reconstruction of rural settlements was relatively significant.The village landscape changed greatly,presenting a new urbanization trend.(4)The problems existing in the spatial evolution and tourism development of Jinlin watery area included low efficiency of production land,low quality of living land,shrinking ecological space,single tourism products,lack of innovation,and imperfect tourism service functions.For these reasons,the paper put forward optimization suggestions from five aspects:improving the quality of living space,increasing the efficiency of production space,protecting ecological space,innovating tourism industry,and land use.