不同播期和种植方式对糯玉米相关性状及产量的影响

Effects of Different Sowing Dates and Planting Methods on Waxy Maize Related Characters and Yield

为了探索适宜黑龙江省西部地区的播期和种植方式,提高经济效益。试验采用二因素随机区组设计,品种选用京科糯2000,5月1-21日,每5 d设置一个播期,共5个播期,露天和白地膜覆盖2种种植方式,明确播期和种植方式对糯玉米植株性状、果穗性状和产量的影响。结果表明:随着播种期的推迟,京科糯2000的株高和穗位高呈现增加趋势,覆膜种植的株高和穗位高于露天种植,处理A5B2(5月21日播种和地膜覆盖种植)达到最大值,株高为280.2 cm,穗位高为160.4 cm;穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数无明显规律,A4(5月16日播种)时穗长和穗粗有最大值,分别为28.9和6.2 cm,覆膜种植的穗长大于露天种植的穗长;鲜百粒重和鲜果穗重无明显规律,覆膜种植可提高鲜百粒重和鲜果穗重,组合A4B2时有最大值,分别为61.4和328.1 g;小区平均产量逐渐增加,在A5时产量最高,露天和白地膜覆盖产量分别为32.5和33.4 kg,覆膜种植可增加产量。综合植株性状、果穗性状和产量指标,可以看出京科糯2000在A4播种期的表现较优,并采用覆膜种植,利于实现优质高产。

In order to clarify the effects of sowing date and planting method on waxy maize plant traits,ear traits and yield,and explore suitable sowing date and planting methods in the western region of Heilongjiang Province to improve economic efficiency.In this study,we adopted a two-factor random block design and took Jingkenuo 2000 as material.From May 1st to May 21st,a total of five sowing periods were set up,and two methods of open-air planting and white mulching film planting were used.The results showed that with the delay of the planting period,the plant height and panicle height of Jingkenuo 2000 showed an increasing trend.The plant height and panicle height of film-covered planting were higher than that of open-air planting.Treatment A5B2(sowing on May 21st,with mulching film planting)reached the maximum value and the plant height was 280.2 cm,and the ear height was 160.4 cm.There was no obvious rule of ear length,ear thickness,ear row number and row grain number.The ear length and ear thickness have the maximum value at A4(sowing on May 16th),which were 28.9 and 6.2 cm,respectively,ant it was larger than the length of the ears planted in the open air.There was no obvious rule for the fresh 100-grain weight and fresh fruit ear weight,and the film-covered planting could increase the fresh 100-grain weight and fresh fruit ear weight.The yield gradually increased,with the highest yield at A5,which were 32.5 and 33.4 kg,respectively,and plastic film planting increased the yield.In conclusion,the performance of Jingkenuo 2000 in A4 sowing date was better,and plastic film mulching was beneficial to achieve high quality and high yield.