酒曲入药源流考

Exploration on origin and development of Jiuqu as medicine

汉晋是酒曲开始入药的开端。《肘后备急方》记载酒曲入药的方法除了直接入药外,还用来酿造药酒。北魏《齐民要术》首先记载了神曲之名。隋唐时期酒曲逐渐受到医家的重视。宋代酒曲入药得到广泛应用,神曲的地位逐渐确立。叶氏《水云录》所载神曲成为明清神曲的配本来源,改革造酒曲法为造酱黄法对后世影响深远。元代首次提出了六神曲的概念。明代酒曲与药曲开始分离,表现在造酱黄法的普及与半夏曲等药曲的出现。清代药曲出现了一股随意添加药物的现象,受到医家的批驳。通过以上考证提出药曲的研究应注意:以药曲作为发酵剂的药酒的研究与开发、比较造曲法与造酱黄法的区别、对神曲糊丸、曲衣、女曲、半夏曲的炮制工艺研究。

Jiuqu was applied as medicine in the Han and Jin Dynasties.Jiuqu was not only directly used as medicine,but also used to brew medicine liquor in the book of'Zhou-hou Emergency Prescriptions'.In the Northern Wei Dynasty,Jiuqu was first recorded in the name of Shenqu in the book of'QiMinYaoShu'.In the Sui and Tang Dynasties,Jiuqu was paid more attention by doctors.In the Song Dynasty,Jiuqu was widely used as medicine,and the position of Shenqu was gradually established.Shenqu was also recorded in the book of'Shui Yun Lu',a work of Ye family,which was the source of Shenqu in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and the method of making Jiuqu was modified and replaced by the method of making sauce yellow,which had a profound influence on the later generations.The concept of Liu Shenqu was first put forward in the Yuan Dynasty.In the Ming Dynasty,Jiuqu and medical starter began to separate,which was expressedas the popularity of making sauce yellow method and the appearance of Ban-xia Qu.In the Qing Dynasty,there was a phenomenon of adding drugs in the medical starter at will,which was criticized by medical experts.In the light of above-mentioned literature,we should pay attention to the research and development of medicinal liquor with medical starter as fermentation starter,the difference between the making Jiuqu method and making sauce yellow method,and the research of processing technology of Shenqu Starched-pill,Quyi,Nvqu and Ban-xia Qu.