西周末年郑国东迁路线试探——以清华简为新材料

Exploring the Route of Zheng State’s Eastward Migration in the Late Western Zhou Dynasty:Taking Qinghua bamboo as New Materials

清华简中与郑国有关的史料表明,西周晚期郑国的东迁是郑桓公带领族人经过艰苦奋战逐步实现的。郑桓公带领族人东迁的路线很有可能和昭王伐楚荆的路线相同。桓公从宗周出发,先至汉水,在到达中原地区的"棫林"之后,从南向北进攻,战于鱼齿山,获得汝水北岸的泛城,新郑与许昌之间的訾地,又奇袭了溱洧之间的区域,攻克了郐国。应国旧地鲁山、襄城、郏县、北部的禹城、长葛、新郑、管县等地先后为郑所有。郑桓公时,西周应国的大部分领土和郐国旧地,都成为郑之国土。郑桓公以郑父之丘(今河南新郑市郑韩故城)为都,开启了郑国的基业。郑国在春秋早期成为中原地区的一个强国。

Historical materials related to the state of zheng and Tsinghua Bamboo show that the eastward migration of the state of zheng in the late Western Zhou Dynasty was gradually realized by Zheng Huangong and his clansmen through hard struggle.Zheng Huangong led his clansmen eastward,and they probably took the same route as king zhao of zhou had taken,when he sent army to suppress Chu Jing(楚荊).Departing from Hao Jing,Huan gong firstly arrived in the in the central plains--Yu Lin(棫林)--from across the Han river,and he launched a series of attacks from the south to the north:fighting at the foot of the fish tooth mountain,capturing"fan"city on the north of Ru water as well as zi(訾)city between the xin-zheng and xu-chang,raiding the area between zhen(溱)river and wei(洧)river,conquering the Kuai countries.Lu-shan,xiang-cheng,jia-xian,yu-cheng,chang-ge,xin-zheng and guan county,which originally belonged to Ying(應),were successively owned by zheng.Under the rule of Zheng Huangong,most of the territory in the west zhou and the old territory in the west became zheng’s territory.Zheng Wugong continued expansion to the northwest,east Guo(虢)owed by zheng.The state of zheng became a powerful country in the central plains during the early spring and autumn period.