贺兰山马麝冬季生境选择

Winter Habitat Selection of Alpine Musk Deer(Moschus chrysogaster sifanicus)in Helan Mountain

2014—2016年在内蒙古贺兰山,采用样线法与样方法,对马麝(Moschus chrysogaster sifanicus)的冬季生境选择进行了研究。生境选择数据表明:贺兰山马麝在冬季对生境具有选择性。通过使用拟合优度卡方检验对3种非数值型的生态因子(植被类型、优势乔木、坡向)进行研究,分析数据得出:(1)在冬季贺兰山马麝对植被类型具有选择性(P<0.01),其中偏好利用山地针叶林,对亚高山灌丛草甸带随机利用,对山地混交林带与山地疏林草原带无选择性。(2)对优势乔木有选择性(P<0.01),在优势乔木中偏好利用青海云杉林生境,随机利用混合型生境,避免选择杜松、油松、山杨、旱榆这4种优势乔木生境。(3)马麝对坡向具有选择性(P<0.01),偏好利用半阴半阳坡,随机利用阴坡生境,避免选择阳坡。采用Mann-Whitney U检验对马麝冬季的利用样方与对照样方中的13种数值型生境因子进行比较,得出马麝在冬季更偏好选择。偏好利用海拔高度高、乔木密度大、高乔木、灌木密度低、灌木高度高、灌木距离大、植被盖度小、坡度低、雪被深、隐蔽级高的生境类型。

From 2014 to 2016,we studied winter habitat use by alpine musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster sifanicus)by analysis of transect and quadrat sampling data in Helan Mountain,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Habitat selection data showed that Helan Mountain alpine musk deer were selective for habitat in winter.Three non-numerical ecological factors(vegetation type,dominant tree species,and slope aspect)were analyzed by using the goodness-of-fit chi-squared test.During winter,deer selected habitats based on vegetation type(P<0.01).They preferred mountain coniferous forest,randomly used subalpine shrub meadow,and showed no preference for mountain mixed forest or mountain sparse forest grassland.Musk deer used habitats based on dominant tree species(P<0.01).Among the dominant trees,they preferred Qinghai spruce forest,randomly selected for habitats dominated by mixed species,and avoided Juniperus rigida,Pinus tabuliformis,Populus davidiana and Ulmus glaucescens.Deer use of habitats was influenced by slope aspect(P<0.01).Deer preferred semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes,randomly used shady habitats,and avoided sunny slopes.We compared 13 numerical habitat factors of plots used by deer during winter with those of control plots by use of Mann-Whitney U tests,and found deer preferred habitat types with high elevation,high tree density,tall trees,low shrub density,tall shrub height,large separation distance of shrubs,low vegetation coverage,low slope gradient,deep snow cover,and high concealment level.