20世纪50年代中国高等造船工程学科整合与发展的苏联路径——以交通大学为中心的分析

Soviet Path for the Integration and Development of Chinese Higher Shipbuilding Engineering Disciplines in the 1950s:An Analysis Centered on Jiaotong University

中华人民共和国成立伊始,政府就自上而下着手全局性的高等教育改革工作。其改革取向是高度集中统一的领导管理体制与全面引进苏联高等学校办学模式相结合,过程基本贯穿了20世纪50年代。交通大学(简称交大)高等造船工程学科经过院系调整、上海造船学院的筹建以及交大分设两地与独立办学等一系列的学科整合历程,得以不断发展壮大,在统一管理、专才教育、师资建设、科学研究及战略规划等多方面打上了苏联烙印,不仅确立了造船工程学科建设、人才培养体系,而且奠定了学科坚实发展的基础与后劲,为传统优势工科向当代“新工科”转型提供了启发和借鉴。

From the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the government has undertaken comprehensive reform of higher education.The reform began in the 1950s;it is a combination of a highly centralized and unified leadership management system and a comprehensive introduction of the Soviet higher education model.In this process,Jiaotong University’s advanced shipbuilding engineering disciplines have developed continuously and have been strengthened through a series of integration processes such as department adjustment,preparation for the establishment of the Shanghai Shipbuilding Institute,and the establishment of two places at Jiaotong University as well as an independent school.The progress of teachers,scientific research,and strategic planning has been an essential process in the Soviet Union.In addition to the establishment of the shipbuilding engineering discipline and talent training system,the foundation for the solid development of the discipline has been formed.Transformation provides inspiration and reference.