德国畜禽粪污资源化利用政策与技术装备研究

The Policy and Technical Equipment of Livestock and Poultry WasteResource Utilization in Germany

随着畜禽养殖产业规模的不断扩大,畜禽粪便、养殖废水等畜禽养殖废弃物排放量也随之不断攀升,加之养殖业和种植业的不断分离,畜禽粪污的消纳能力远低于其产生量,导致畜禽养殖产业已成为当前农业面源污染的重要来源。近年来,我国对畜禽粪污资源化利用工作日益重视,国家相继出台一系列利好政策。特别是2018年国务院发布《乡村振兴战略规范(2018-2022年)》提出要合理布局规模化养殖场,大力发展种养结合循环农业,促进养殖废弃物就近资源化利用。德国畜禽粪污资源化利用效果较好,主要通过肥料化进行利用,专门制定《肥料条例》对粪肥如何施用进行管理。同时,德国相关技术装备也属业内领先水平,集成了很多智能化技术,代表行业发展方向。本文从肥料需求量评估、施肥细则、存储能力等方面对《肥料条例》进行解读,并对德国先进的固态、液态粪肥施用技术装备进行了简介,以期为我国畜禽粪污资源化利用相关政策制定及装备研发提供借鉴。

With the continuous expansion of the livestock and poultry breeding industry,livestock and poultry breeding of animal manure waste emissions is rising.With the separation of breeding and planting,livestock and poultry waste given ability is far lower than its production and lead to livestock and poultry breeding industry has become an important source to the current agricultural non-point source pollution in recent years,the work for livestock and poultry waste resource utilization in our country is becoming more and more attention,countries have issued a series of positive policy.Especially,country revitalization strategy specification(2018-2022)promulgated by the State Council,Put forward to want reasonable layout large-scale farm,develop breed and raise to combine circular agriculture energetically,promote breed and raise a waste to be used in the vicinity of resource Germany breed and raise combine practice result to be better.Livestock and poultry waste recycling use effect is better in Germany,mainly through the use of fertilizer,specifically formulated to manure fertilizer regulations how to manage application at the same time,technology and equipment in Germany also belong to the industry leading level,integrated a lot of intelligent technology,on behalf of the industry development direction.in this paper,fertilizer demand evaluation rules regulations,storage capacity of fertilizer and the German advanced technology and equipment for solid liquid manure application profile,in order to livestock and poultry waste resource utilization in our country related policy and equipment research and development to provide reference.