“农户+餐饮企业”有机农产品供应链模式构建研究

Research on the Construction of Organic Agricultural Products Supply Chain Based on the Model of“Farmers+Restaurant”

有机农产品具有巨大的消费市场,但是目前有机农产品的供应链模式相对单一,不能满足有机市场发展的需要。本文提出"农户+餐饮企业"的新模式,并与农户直销模式及农超合作的模式进行比较。结论表明这种新模式能够使得农户和餐饮企业共同受益,并建议政府采取措施促进市场形成多种模式并存的有机农产品供应链格局。

Though organic agricultural products have enormous markets,the current supply chain mode of organic agricultural products is relatively simple,which cannot meet the needs of organic markets.In some places,the"farm to table"model has emerged.When the customers finish their meal at the restaurant,they can buy some organic agricultural products they like,such as Jin Ramin in New York and Green&Safe restaurant in Taiwan.Combining the practice of organic restaurants and some ordinary restaurants,this paper proposes a new mode of"farmer+restaurant".A special area is opened to sell the organic agricultural products,and customers can choose one or several of them after dinner.A two-echelon supply chain of only one producer and one retailer is researched,assuming that market demand is correlated with the effort level of producers and retailers.The Stackelberg game model is used to analyze the income of each member and the overall supply chain under these three modes of farmer direct selling mode(DC),"farmer+supermarket"mode(FS)and"farmer+restaurant"mode(FR).The conclusions are as follows:(1)If the unit cost is low enough and the sales volume is large enough,DC is a good mode;(2)In FS mode,if a reasonable wholesale price is given,farmers will improve their effort level and the income of the supply chain will be increased.(3)In FR mode,a higher wholesale price will be given,which can not only improve farmers’effort level,but also improve the overall income of the supply chain.Comparing these three models,the overall benefit of the supply chain of FR is the highest,because the value increment of agricultural products is the largest.From the agricultural products to the dishes on the table,the benefits have increased tremendously.In a word,a single mode is likely to bring absolutely strong position of the leading enterprise in the supply chain.Therefore,multiple development modes of organic agricultural products should be encouraged to raise the voice of farmers and improve the supply level of organic agricultural products.The government department should take some countermeasure to promote multiple modes coexistence of organic agricultural products supply chain pattern.