生猪养殖适度规模:产出、效益与环境——基于全国8省份1484个养殖户数据的实证

Moderate Scale of Pig Breeding:Output,Benefit and Environment--An Empirical Study Based on the Data of 1484 Farmers in 8 Provinces of China

近年来,我国生猪养殖市场产生了剧烈波动,也催生了对生猪养殖适度规模问题的思考。本文基于8省份1484份生猪养殖户的调查数据,采用Translog生产函数和C-D生产函数,从产出、效益和环境三个维度对生猪养殖规模效应进行实证研究。研究表明:生猪养殖规模与环境污染之间存在倒“U”形关系;综合考虑产出、效益和环境三个方面,适度规模应为年出栏1000~1999头;养殖经验对生猪养殖的产出和效益影响显著,环保认知和参加培训状况对环境污染影响显著。基于此,积极引导养殖户合理科学扩大养殖规模、增强环境意识,提升生猪养殖从业人员长期经营的驱动力,对促进养殖行业绿色发展具有重要意义。

In recent years,China’s pig breeding market has produced violent fluctuations by the superposition of swine fever and environmental regulations.Therefore,the state launched a number of support policies,promoting the expansion of pig farming scale,but also gave birth to the thinking about the moderate scale of pig breeding.Based on the survey data of 1484 pig farmers in 8 provinces,this paper uses the Translog and C-D production function to empirically study the scale of pig breeding from the three dimensions of output,benefit and environment.It is shown that there is an inverted“U”relationship between breeding scale and environmental pollution.Taking into account the output,efficiency and environment,the moderate scale should be 1000-1999 heads per year.The breeding experience has a significant impact on the output and benefits of pig breeding,and environmental awareness and participation in training have a significant impact on environmental pollution.Actively guide farmers to expand the scale of breeding rationally and scientifically,enhance environmental awareness,and improve the long-term driving force of pig farming personnel,are of great significance to promote the green development of the breeding industry.