脑缺血再灌注损伤的研究及药物治疗进展

Progress in Research and Drug Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

长时间的脑部缺血会导致脑内氧气供应不足,造成不可逆性损害,甚至也会引发脑内缺血梗死。脑缺血在发生后,血供在一定时间段内恢复,脑部功能在此种条件下,不但无法达完全恢复至正常水平,且还可能引发更为严重的障碍,在出现此种现象时,临床通常按脑缺血再灌注损伤定义。而患者在出现脑缺血再灌注损伤后,可进而造成脑功能受损,同时,脑细胞生物电也会出现程度不等的改变,引发病理性慢波,缺血发生一定时间后,再做灌注处理,可使慢波表现为持续加重的情况。脑缺血再灌注损伤,与缺乏高能磷酸化合物、大量自由基生成、白细胞高度聚集、细胞内部分布的钙超载等多因素均具密切关联。脑缺血再灌注有较为复杂的机制,也有对应的治疗方案。由于再灌注会加重脑血管的功能障碍,也会导致细胞的结构被破坏。脑缺血再灌注损伤结合现代技术和药物进行治疗已经成为研究的瞩目领域。

Prolonged cerebral ischemia can lead to insufficient oxygen supply in the brain,irreversible damage and even ischemic infarction.After the occurrence of cerebral ischemia,the blood supply is restored within a certain period of time.Under such conditions,the brain function may not only fail to fully recover,but may also cause more serious disorders.When this phenomenon occurs,the clinical definition is usually defined as cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.After the occurrence of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,the patient may further damage the brain function.At the same time,the biological electricity of the brain cells also changes in varying degrees,causing pathological slow wave.Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is closely related to the lack of high-energy phosphoric acid compounds,the generation of a large number of free radicals,the high concentration of white blood cells,the calcium overload in the distribution of cells and many other factors.Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion has a complicated mechanism,and there are corresponding treatment plans.Because reperfusion will aggravate the dysfunction of cerebral blood vessel,it will also lead to the destruction of cell structure.The combination of modern techniques and drugs in the treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury has become a focus of research.