国家角色间冲突的应对——以美国参与中亚区域治理为例

Coping with Inter-role Conflicts:A Case Study of U.S.’s Participation in Central Asian Regional Governance

角色理论是社会学和心理学角度解释个体或群体行为的路径之一,也可以用来解释国家的区域治理行动。本文的核心内容是如何理解并缓解国际政治中国家面临的角色间冲突。国家角色间冲突主要是由于外部行为体的角色期待与国家的角色观念的差异所致,集中表现为角色期待超载和角色期待模糊,角色学习和角色适应是与之相对应的两种调整方式。结合已有的研究成果,讨论美国参与中亚区域治理的角色实践过程,本文发现:美国在中亚地区面临的角色间冲突,表现为角色期待超载和角色期待模糊。为了应对这种冲突,美国采取了角色学习和角色适应两种调整方式,但角色适应所取得的效果更为明显。讨论美国所面临的角色间冲突及调整方式,不仅有助于理解美国角色实践的逻辑,也能够为中国参与中亚区域治理提供启发。

As a classical theory of sociology and psychology,the role theory could also be employed to explain regional governance activities of states.This paper attempts to explore how to understand the inter-role conflicts faced by states in international politics.Inter-role conflicts are characterized by overload of role expectation and ambiguity of role expectation,correspondingly,role learning and role adaptation could solve these conflicts.Based on existing analysis and by discussing the process of U.S.’s role enactment of regional governance in Central Asia,we find that inter-role conflicts of U.S.in Central Asia are specifically manifested as overload and ambiguity of role expectations.In order to cope with these conflicts,the U.S.has adopted two ways including role learning and role adaptation,of which the latter is better in terms of effects.By discussing conflicts and adjustments of the U.S.in regional governance,we could have a better understanding of national role enactment.