普惠性幼儿园指标体系构建——基于全国14省34806个样本数据的实证研究

The Construction of Index System of Accessible Kindergartens with Low Prices in China:An Empirical Research Based on 34,806 Samples

为构建普惠性幼儿园的指标体系,本研究首先采用随机抽样法,对我国东、中、西部14个省、自治区、直辖市的34,806名幼儿家长、教师、园长等进行问卷调查,然后运用SPSS和MPLUS软件对指标体系进行项目分析、探索性因素分析和二阶因子验证性分析,最终形成我国普惠性幼儿园的Gain-5A指标体系。该指标体系包含5个一级维度、12个二级维度和53个三级指标。5个一级维度为“分得均”(allocation)、“达得到”(accessibility)、“配得齐”(assorting)、“治得优”(administration)、“惠得广”(all-in)。12个二级维度为基础投入、重点投入、入园条件、选择机会、质量规范、资源环境、幼儿发展、收费标准、资质保障、教师配备、面向大众、弱势照拂。该指标体系基于多元视角,以人民对学前教育的获得感为核心,有助于从理论和实践两个层面深入浅出、全面系统地澄清和丰富普惠性幼儿园的内涵与外延,为政府科学规划、认定、评估和治理普惠性幼儿园提供决策依据。

To construct the index system of accessible kindergartens with low prices,34,806 randomly selected samples including parents,kindergarten teachers,and principals from 14 provinces in China were surveyed in this study.Based on the survey,SPSS and MPLUS software were used to carry out item analysis,exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.The index system is finally formed that consists of 5 dimensions,12 sub-dimensions and 53 indicators.The 5 dimensions include allocation,accessibility,assorting,administration and all-in.The 12 sub-dimensions include basic input,key input,admission conditions,selection opportunity,quality specifications,resources and environment,children development,charge standards,qualification assurance,staff allocation,public oriented,and preferential for the disadvantaged.The index system of accessible kindergartens with low prices is based on multi-perspectives,and places the satisfaction of people at the center.Such index system not only helps to interpret comprehensively and systematically the intension and extension of accessible kindergartens from both theoretical and practical levels,but also provides reference bases for the governments to design,evaluate and supervise accessible kindergartens with low prices.