不同等级篮球裁判员多目标视觉追踪实证研究

An Empirical Study on Multi-target Visual Tracking of Different Levels of Basketball Referees

影响个体对于多个目标注意以及追踪问题,一直是动态心理学众多学者研究的热点。以篮球裁判员为例,利用经典的多目标追踪MOT范式,探究不同等级篮球裁判员多目标视觉追踪能力是否存在差异。采用3×4混合设计,以不同的人群类型(裁判员等级国际级、国家级篮球裁判员16人,裁判员等级一级裁判员17人,普通高校不同专项体育系学生18人)为组间变量,以追踪不同数量目标任务(追踪数量为“2”目标球,追踪数量为“3”目标球,追踪数量为“4”目标球,追踪数量为“5”目标球)为组内变量,以所得结果正确率百分比为因变量,导入数据进行多组间重复测量方差分析,而后进行独立样本T检验。结果:高水平篮球裁判员与一般水平篮球裁判员在追踪3和4个目标小球时,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在追踪2和5个小球时,高水平组裁判员正确率显著高于其他2组;一般水平篮球裁判员与普通体育生除追踪5个球外,同样差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高水平篮球裁判员与普通体育生相比,在所有追踪球组别差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且在追踪数量为“5”的目标小球时表现出十分显著的差异(P<0.001)。结论:优秀的篮球裁判员具有优秀的多目标视觉追踪能力以及准确的判断力,而且随着追踪数量的增加,这种优势变得尤为显著。该研究的结果为篮球裁判员培养及选材提供运动训练的意义和理论基础。

Objective:It has been a hot topic for many scholars in dynamic psychology to study how to affect individual's attention and tracking of multiple goals.This study takes basketball referees as an example,using the classic multi-target tracking mot paradigm.In this study,we explore the difference of multi-target visual tracking ability among basketball referees of different grades.Methods:A mixed design of 3×4 was adopted.Different crowd types(16 in⁃ternational and national basketball referees,17 first level referees,18 students from different special sports departments in colleges and universities)were used as group variables to track different number of target tasks(the tracking number was“2”target ball,the tracking number was“3”target ball,and the tracking number was“4”target ball Target ball;tracking number is“5”target ball)is the intra group variable.Taking the percentage of accuracy of the results as the dependent variable,the data were imported for repeated measurement analysis of variance among groups,and then t-test was carried out.Results:There was no significant difference(P>0.05)between high-level basketball referees and general level basketball referees in tracking 3 and 4 small balls,but the accuracy of high-level basketball referees was significantly higher than the other two groups in tracking 2 and 5 small balls;there was no significant dif⁃ference(P>0.05)between general level basketball referees and general sports students in tracking 5 balls,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05)between high-level basketball referees and general sports students The level basketball referees showed significant difference in all the tracking ball groups compared with the general sports students(P<0.05),and showed very significant difference in tracking the number o“f 5”target balls(P<0.001).Conclu⁃sions:Excellent basketball referees have excellent multi-target visual tracking ability and accurate judgment.And as the number of tracks increases,this ad⁃vantage becomes more significant.The results of this study provide the significance and theoretical basis for basketball referee training and selection.