“我是说”与“你知道”的对比研究——框架、意识、功能的分野与共性

A contrastive study of woshishuo and nizhidao:Divergence and commonality in framework,awareness and function

从话语的参与框架看,话语标记“我是说”集中了发声者、作者、责任者三种话语角色,重构自我表达,同时避免冲突、维持互动,彰显言者立场,反映其监控、合作的元语用意识;“你知道”则把视角转向听者,使其焦点化为直接受话者,重视听者的参与状态,谋求其道义支持和情感接纳,体现言者以听者为话语导向,以及与听者共情、合作的元语用意识。同时,“我是说”和“你知道”的元话语功能表现为重构与共情,反映了言者不同的表达需求,也制约着话语标记的使用环境和替换条件。两者分别作用于交际两端,完善话语的表达与接收,体现出分野与共性同生共存的特征。

From the perspective of participation framework, the discourse marker woshishuo(我是说)("I mean") unifies three roles, namely the animator, the author and the principle, and reformulates a self-expression. At the same time, it can avoid conflict and maintain an interactive relationship with the listener, manifesting the speaker’s stance, as well as his/her monitoring and cooperative metapragmatic awareness. In contrast, nizhidao(你知道)("you know") is used to simplify the role of the listener to the addressed recipient, making the listener the center of the discourse so that the speaker can obtain the moral support and emotional acceptance of the listener. nizhidao is listener-oriented and presents the speaker’s metapragmatic consciousness of empathy and cooperation. Moreover, the metadiscourse function of woshishuo and nizhidao are characterized by reconstruction and empathy. They reflect the speaker’s expressive needs and also constrain the application environment and the substitution condition. The two discourse markers act on both ends of discourse communication and improve the expression and reception of discourse, displaying the features of divergence and commonality.