行为能力与农户林业生产分工研究——基于福建农户的实证分析

Study on Behavioral Ability and Division of Forestry Production of Farmers——Empirical Analysis of Households’Data in Fujian Province

在集体林权制度改革全面深化阶段,完善新型林业生产经营体系成为林业发展的重要议题。林业生产分工是构建新型林业经营体系的主要途径,不仅有助于克服林业家庭经营投入的不足,更有助于提升森林生产经营效率、促进小农户与林业大市场的有效衔接。农户是集体林区的主要森林经营主体,其行为能力包括排他能力、交易能力和处置能力,对农户分化、林业生产分工决策有重要影响。文章根据比较优势理论,结合福建省农户调研数据,采用二元Probit模型,实证分析行为能力对农户林业生产分工的影响。结果表明,交易能力和处置能力对农户的林业生产分工有显著正向影响,而排他能力对林业生产分工的影响不显著;同时,农户生计对林业依赖越高,选择林业生产分工的倾向越明显。文章的研究结论是对农户行为理论的有益补充,研究阐明林业分工成为农户在选择利益最大化决策时在林业生产领域所面临的约束条件;在林业经济方面,弥补了现有分工理论研究的不足,将林业生产环节分工纳入理论分析框架,并基于对农户林业生产分工分析的实证结果,提出加快构建林业生产分工服务体系、深化采伐审批制度改革、培育新型林业经营主体等政策建议。

In the comprehensive deepening stage of the collective forest teaure system reform,it is an important issue for the forestry development to perfect a new forestry management system.Division of labor in the forestry production is the major way to construct the new forestry management system,which is not only helpful to overcome the lack of investment in forestry household management,but also can improve the efficiency of the forestry production and management,and promote the effective connection between small farmers and the large forestry market.Farmers are the main forest operators in collective forest areas,and their behavior ability include the exclusive ability,the trading ability and the disposal ability,which has an important positive influence on the division of farmers and the division of labor decision-making in the forestry production.Based on the theory of comparative advantage,this paper combined with the survey data in Fujian Province and used the binary Probit Model to analyze the behavioral ability on the impact of farmers’forestry production division of labor.The results showed that the transaction ability and the disposal ability had significant influence on the division of the forestry production,but the exclusive ability did not.The higher the dependence of farmers’livelihood on the forestry,the more obvious the tendency to choose the division of labor in the forestry production is.This study is a useful supplement to the theory of farmers’behavior.It clarifies the constraints faced by farmers in the field of the forestry production when they choose to maximize their interests.In the aspect of the forestry economy,it makes up for the deficiency of the existing research on the division of labor,and brings the division of labor in the forestry production into the theoretical framework.Based on the empirical results of farmers’analysis,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions,such as speeding up the construction of the forestry production division service system,deepening the reform of the logging approval system and cultivating new types of forestry management bodies.