论“非对象化”之观的涵义——以老子与邵雍的“以物观物”为例

On the Meanings of"Non-objectification"View——taking Laozi and Shaoyong’s"viewing things from objects"as an example

老子与邵雍所说的"以物观物"是修道的途径,具有反观之内涵,即不以外在之物而以自身作为观之对象,从能所关系方面来说,其表现为"以能为所"。使心之外向的对象化认识活动返回于自身,此为"以能为所"的第一层涵义。在反观过程当中,又存在观者与被观者的能所、主客之分。以能知之心为所知之对象,即所谓"以心观心",意味着观者与被观者之间不存在任何区分,这是"彼是莫得其偶"的"以能为所"之第二层涵义。超于"以我观物",能知的主体虚化至于无心而观、无为而观的"以物观物"的状态,此观即是物我彼此不分的非对象化之观。

Laozi and Shaoyong’s"viewing things from objects"is the way to practice,which has the meaning of reversed viewing(viewing things not by one’s own sense and practice),that is,taking oneself but not external things as the object of observation.In terms of the relationship between subject and object,it is manifested in"taking subject as the object".The objectified cognition activity outside the mind returns to itself,which is the first meaning of"taking subject as the object".In the process of reversed viewing,there exists the difference between the subject and object of the observer and the observed.Taking the knowing mind as the object of knowing,the so-called"viewing the mind with the mind"means that there is no distinction between the observer and the observed,which is the second meaning of"taking subject as the object"in"eliminating mutual opposition".Going beyond"viewing things from me",the subject of knowing is dematerializaed in the state of"viewing things from things"without mind and doing nothing.This view is the view of non-objectification featuring taking oneself as the subject and eliminating mutual opposition.