高速轨道结构振动及传递特性

Vibration Characteristics and Transmission of High-speed Track Structure

高速列车的快速发展使板式无砟轨道得以广泛应用。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS和多体动力学软件SIMPACK,建立车辆-弹性轨道耦合动力学模型,分析车辆运行的安全性和平稳性,研究轨道系统的位移、加速度、加速度功率谱密度、载荷特性,以及不同速度对轨道系统的振动影响,并对系统振动的主要影响因素进行初步探究。结果表明,轨道结构的垂向振动位移、加速度及载荷在由上至下传递过程中呈递减趋势,且钢轨到轨道板的衰减幅度大于轨道板到底座;轨道系统的振动能量主要集中在0~150 Hz范围内,大于300 Hz的钢轨振动能量经扣件衰减后基本未被向下传递,且速度升高,功率谱密度峰值出现的位置向右移动;速度为300 km/h时,钢轨垂向加速度功率谱密度小于100 Hz的峰值频率主要与钢轨固有模态有关,大于100 Hz的峰值频率呈倍频关系,且与轨道系统固有属性相关。联合仿真提高了研究效率,揭示了车辆-轨道系统的垂向振动特性及传递规律,为工程应用提供了参考依据。

With the rapid development of high-speed railway,ballastless slab track is widely used.By using finite element analysis software ANSYS and multi-body dynamics software SIMPACK,a vehicle-flexible track coupled dynamic model is established.The safety and stability of vehicle operation are analyzed and the displacement,acceleration,acceleration power spectral de nsity,load characteristics of the track system are studied.The effects of different speeds on the track vibration and the main influencing factors of the system vibration are also studied.The results show that the vertical vibration displacement,acceleration and load of the track structure decrease from top to bottom,and the attenuation amplitude from rail to track plate is larger than that from slab to base;the vibration energy of the track system is mainly concentrated in the range of 0-150 Hz,while the rail vibration energy more than 300 Hz is basically not transmitted downward through the fastener attenuation,and peaks of power spectral density shift to the right with the speed increases;when the vehicle runs at the speed of 300 km/h,the peak frequencies of the rail vertical acceleration power spectral density less than 100 Hz are mainly related to the rail natural property,and peak frequencies greater than 100 Hz which present multiple relationship are related to the inherent property of track system.The co-simulation improves the research efficiency and the vertical vibration characteristics and transmission law of vehicle track system are revealed which provide a scientific evidence for engineering application.