单旋翼无人机有效喷幅试验研究

Experimental Study on Effective Spray Amplitude of Single Rotor UAV

针对无人机施药时有效喷幅受到不同作业条件及外界风的影响,导致作业过程中雾滴重喷率、漏喷率变高的问题,利用雾滴密度判定法在不同高度、不同方向侧风条件下进行单旋翼无人机航空施药时有效喷幅和雾滴沉积均匀性试验研究。使用雾滴扫描仪分析雾滴测试卡,对得到试验数据进行方差分析。研究结果表明:无人机下方无侧风时,雾滴分布整体呈现出M形分布,当飞机高度逐渐增加时,有效喷幅峰值逐渐下降,中间雾滴分布略微趋于平缓。当侧风角度一定时,有效喷幅随无人机高度的增大先增大后降低,最佳的无人机喷药高度在2.2~2.6 m范围内,有效喷幅范围为5.1~5.7 m;当无人机高度一定时,有效喷幅随侧风角度的增大而减小,当无人机在2.5 m高度加以正向风时得到最佳的有效喷幅,宽度为5.7 m;响应面分析结果显示:无人机高度为2.5 m且风向为正向时喷雾效果最理想,对应的有效喷幅为5.7 m,变异系数为68.2%。试验结果可为单旋翼无人机田间作业的航线规划提供帮助和指导,降低航空喷施作业的重喷率和漏喷率。

In order to solve the problem that the effective spray amplitude of UAV was affected by different operating conditions and external wind,which led to the increase of droplet weight spray rate and leakage rate in the course of operation,the effective spray amplitude and droplet deposition uniformity of single rotor UAV under different altitude and different direction side wind conditions were studied by using droplet density determination method.The test data were obtained by using droplet scanner to analyze the droplet test card,and the test results were analyzed by variance analysis and regression analysis.The results showed that the altitude and side wind direction of UAV were the important factors that affected the effective jet amplitude and uniformity,and when the side wind angle was fixed,the effective jet amplitude varies with the altitude of UAV.When the UAV altitude was constant,the effective spray amplitude decreased with the increase of the side wind angle,and the best effective jet width was 5.7 m when the UAV height was 2.5 m or 2.6 m,and the effective jet width was 5.7 m when the UAV altitude was fixed,and the effective spray amplitude decreased with the increase of the lateral wind angle.Through the analysis of response surface,it was found that the effective jet amplitude of UAV was 5.7 m and the coefficient of variation was 68.2%when the altitude of UAV was 2.5 m and the wind direction was forward.The test results were expected to provide help and guidance for the operation route planning of single rotor UAV and reduce the aviation spraying operation of heavy injection rate and leakage rate.