国际学术流动与中国大学的发展:逆全球化趋势下的历史审视

Mobility of International Academia and the Rise of Chinese Universities:A Historical Reflection under the Trend of Anti-globalization

改革开放40多年来,中国大学在科学研究方面取得了突出的成就。对于中国大学的发展,学界从经济论、文化论等角度进行了解释。本文认为,通过国际学术流动实现与全球学术系统的整合是中国大学崛起的一个关键原因。国际学术流动主要包括学生出国攻读学位、学生出国进行研究访问(6—24个月)、博士毕业生出国从事博士后研究、教师出国研修等形式。本文提出,国际学术流动在中国大学的发展中主要发挥了四项功能:一是跨国知识迁移;二是培养和储备师资;三是积累社会资本、构建学术网络,从而促进国际科研合作;四是实现与国际学术中心的联系、互动和整合。在不同的时间段,这四项功能的发挥程度存在较大差异。在当前的国际环境下,国家对知识跨国流动的控制在增强,跨国学术流动可能面临较大的困难,知识的国际性和公共性正遭到挑战。面对逆全球化的趋势,中国大学应继续坚持开放的路线,同时增强自身的独立自主能力。

Since the Reform and Opening up,China has been trying to integrate into the international academic system and improve its scientific research ability through international academic mobility.International academic mobility mainly includes several forms:supporting and encouraging students to study abroad for a degree,sponsoring students to go abroad for research visits(6-24 months),going abroad for post-doctorate,and subsidizing university teachers for research visits abroad.These forms of cross-border flows are crucial to understanding the rise of Chinese universities.In different time periods,the extent to which these four functions are exerted varies greatly.However,in the current international environment,the control of the cross-border flow of knowledge is increasing,and the internationalization of knowledge is challenged.Facing the trend of anti-globalization,Chinese universities should continue to adhere to an open policy and at the same time enhance their own independent capabilities.