彩色多普勒超声应用于血液透析患者动静脉瘘并发症防治中的效果分析

Efficacy analysis of color Doppler ultrasound in prevention and treatment of complications of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声用于防治血液透析患者动静脉瘘并发症的作用和效果。方法选择我院2018年1月~2019年12月收治的血液透析动静脉瘘患者135例实施超声检查,发现问题及时进行干预,对结果进行分析研究。结果78例(57.78%)动静脉瘘血流通畅,透析过程中相关指标无异常。57例(42.22%)动静脉瘘出现并发症。并发头静脉瘤样扩张25例(43.86%),其中合并血栓形成14例(24.56%);并发单纯头静脉血栓5例(8.77%);并发头静脉管腔狭窄13例(22.82%);并发桡动脉硬化5例(8.77%);并发吻合口狭窄4例(7.02%);并发瘘口旁血肿3例(5.26%);并发桡动脉狭窄1例(1.75%);并发假性动脉瘤1例(1.75%)。结论血液透析动静脉瘘患者并发症发生率相对较高,以彩色多普勒超声对造瘘血管实施检查监测,有助于明确并发症,为临床干预提供科学依据。

Objective To investigate the function and efficacy of color Doppler ultrasound in prevention and treatment of complications of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.Methods From January 2018 to December 2019,a total of 135 patients with hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula admitted to our hospital were selected for ultrasound examination,and timely intervention was made when problems were found,and the results were analyzed and researched.Results 78 cases(57.78%)of arteriovenous fistula were in smooth blood flow,and there was no abnormality in related indexes during dialysis.Complications occurred in 57 cases(42.22%)of arteriovenous fistula.25 cases(43.86%)were complicated with cephalic vein tumor-like dilatation,among which 14 cases(24.56%)were complicated with thrombosis,5 cases(8.77%)were complicated with simple cephalic vein thrombosis,13 cases(22.82%)were complicated with cephalic vein lumen stenosis,5 cases(8.77%)were complicated with radial arteriosclerosis,4 cases(7.02%)were complicated with anastomotic stenosis,3 cases(5.26%)were complicated with hematoma beside fistula,1 case(1.75%)was complicated with radial artery stenosis,and 1 case(1.75%)was complicated with pseudoaneurysm.Conclusion The incidence of complications in hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula is relatively high.Color Doppler ultrasound examination and monitoring of the fistula vessels is helpful to clarify the complications and provide scientific basis for clinical intervention.