再论斯宾诺莎与庄子

Further Discussion on Spinoza and Zhuangzi

中西文化对自然与人生的共同关注,为斯宾诺莎与庄子的本体、自由比较提供了基点。在形而上方面,斯宾诺莎的本体“自然”与庄子之“道”既具有与物合一的整体相似,也存在内涵阐释上理性剖析与感性描述的思维差异。在形而下方面,他们均将本体功用指向了对人自由的指导,建立了自由与必然的统一关系,同时亦提出了实现自由的不同路径。近现代学人对斯宾诺莎和庄子的比较,既体现了中西文化交流的进步,同时亦为传统文化新发展提供启示。

The common concern of Chinese and Western cultures on nature and life provides a basis for the comparison of Spinoza and Zhuangzi in ontology and freedom.In the metaphysical aspect,Spinoza s“nature”of noumenon and Zhuangzi s“Tao”are similar in the unity of things as a whole,but they have thinking differences between rational analysis and perceptual description in connotation interpretation.In the physical aspect,they all point out the function of noumenon to guide human freedom,establishing the unity between freedom and necessity,but their proposed paths to realize freedom are different.Modern scholars comparison of Spinoza and Zhuangzi not only reflects the progress of cultural exchanges between China and the West,but also provides inspiration for the new development of traditional culture.