中国经济海藻养殖技术概况与展望

Overview and Prospects of China Economic Seaweed Cultivation Technology

我国是全球海藻生产和消费大国。当前,我国海藻养殖种类以海带、紫菜、江蓠和裙带菜等为主体,兼有小规模养殖的羊栖菜、鼠尾藻、麒麟菜、石花菜、礁膜、浒苔、长茎葡萄蕨藻等。海藻养殖方式包括浅海养殖、潮间带养殖和陆基养殖。近年来,在全球气候变化、海水污染、海岸工程等多重压力下,海藻养殖环境不佳,养殖病害多发;另外,海洋生态文明建设大背景下的近海水域利用政策变化,对海藻养殖产业及其养殖技术提出了新的要求与挑战。对我国海藻养殖技术进行回顾,总结经验、查找不足,提出新思路、新方法,以期为我国海藻养殖产业可持续发展提供支撑。

China is a large seaweed production and consumption country in the world. At present, farmed seaweed species in China mainly include Saccharina spp., Pyropia spp., Gracilaria spp. and Undaria pinnatifida. There are also small-scale cultivated species, Sargassum spp., Eucheuma spp., Kappaphycus spp., Gelidium spp., Ulva spp. and Caulerpa spp.. There are three types of seaweed farming model including shallow sea farming, intertidal farming and land-based farming. In recent years, under the multiple pressures of global climate change, seawater pollution and coastal engineering, the physical cultivation environment in which these seaweeds are farmed has deteriorated and diseases have occurred rather frequently. In addition, the policy of shallow sea usage in the context of marine ecological civilization construction has changed. This change puts forward new demands and challenges for the seaweed farming industry, calling for updated techniques and models. This paper reviewed the current seaweed cultivation in general in China, summarized the experience, found the deficiency, and proposed new ideas and methods to provide support for the sustainable development of seaweed cultivation industry in the future.