绝经后骨质疏松症的患病率及危险因素研究

Study on the prevalence rate and risk factors of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

目的调查绝经后女性身体情况及生活方式,统计骨质疏松症发病率,并分析引发该病的主要因素,以期为早期防治绝经后骨质疏松症提供理论依据。方法选取2018年2月-2020年2月在该院进行体检的1562例绝经后女性作为观察对象,了解其身体情况(各项检测项目)和生活方式(自制调查问卷),通过骨密度测量判断骨质疏松症情况,将骨密度<-2.5的研究对象纳入A组,其他研究对象归为B组;将所有相关数据进行统计分析,总结骨质疏松症患病率以及与其发病有关的危险因素。结果1562例绝经后女性中有535例(34.25%)存在骨质疏松症;单因素分析得出A、B两组研究对象在年龄、体质指数、肌肉含量、生育次数、钙摄入量、维生素D3浓度、家族病史、高血压、糖尿病方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);采用Logistic回归分析进一步筛选,结果显示:与骨质疏松症呈相关性的高危因素包括年龄、生育次数、家族病史、高血压、糖尿病(OR1=2.1936,P1=0.0005;OR2=2.1304,P2=0.0013;OR3=1.7359,P3=0.0012;OR4=1.0689,P4=0.0001;OR5=1.9601,P5=0.0000);此外,钙摄入量、维生素D3浓度和体质指数也与骨质疏松症有相关性,作为保护因素可起到一定的预防作用(OR6=1.9341,P6=0.0001;OR7=2.3412,P7=0.0001;OR8=0.4211,P8=0.0000);回归模型有统计学意义。结论绝经后女性发生骨质疏松症的概率较高,其发病原因主要包括年龄、体质指数、生育次数、家族病史、钙摄入量等,可根据上述相关因素制定防治措施,从而减轻骨质疏松症对绝经后老年女性身体健康的不利影响。

Objective To survey physical condition and life style of postmenopausal women,calculate the incidence rate of osteoporosis,analyze the main causes of osteoporosis,and provide a theoretical basis for early prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Methods From February 2018 to February 2020,1562 postmenopausal women receiving physical examination in Taizhou Hospital were selected,physical condition(test items)and life style(self-designed questionnaire)were surveyed,bone density measurement was performed to diagnose osteoporosis,the postmenopausal women with bone mineral density<-2.5 were enrolled into group A,the other women were enrolled into group B,the data were analyzed statistically,the prevalence rate and risk factors of osteoporosis were summarized.Results Among 1562 postmenopausal women,535 women(34.25%)were diagnosed as osteoporosis.Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in age,body mass index,muscle content,parity,intake of calcium,vitamin D3 content,family medical history,hypertension,and diabetes between group A and group B(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the high-risk factors of osteoporosis included age,parity,family medical history,hypertension,and diabetes(OR1=2.1936,P1=0.0005;OR2=2.1304,P2=0.0013;OR3=1.7359,P3=0.0012;OR4=1.0689,P4=0.0001;OR5=1.9601,P5=0.0000),intake of calcium,vitamin D3 content,and body mass index were correlated with osteoporosis,which were protective factors(OR6=1.9341,P6=0.0001;OR7=2.3412,P7=0.0001;OR8=0.4211,P8=0.0000).Conclusion The incidence rate of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is high,the causes include age,body mass index,parity,family medical history,and intake of calcium,prevention and cure measures should be taken according to the above-mentioned factors to relieve the adverse effect of osteoporosis on health of postmenopausal women.