中国养殖海域利用效率空间非均衡格局及成因

Spatial disequilibrium of mariculture areas utilization efficiency in China and causes

提高养殖海域利用效率是实现海域资源可持续发展的关键举措,探究养殖海域利用效率的空间非均衡性及成因,对养殖海域合理开发利用具有重要意义。本文运用超越对数生产函数形式的随机前沿模型对2008—2017年中国10个沿海地区养殖海域利用效率进行测度,综合采用核密度估计、GINI系数、对数离差均值、Theil指数、重心—标准差椭圆方法分析空间非均衡性及空间格局,并进一步对空间非均衡格局成因进行探究。研究发现:①中国沿海地区养殖海域平均利用效率为69.85%,且利用效率在时序和空间上存在较大差异,呈现显著的空间非均衡性。②中国养殖海域利用效率的重心呈现出"先向南—后向北—再向南"的变化格局,南部沿海养殖海域利用效率整体上有所提升。③利用效率空间非均衡格局成因主要包括养殖人员培训水平、推广机构密度、推广人员学历水平、经济发展水平的差异。据此,从深挖低效率地区养殖海域利用效率潜力、制定地方特色的养殖海域开发利用政策、完善海水养殖推广体系三方面提出改善中国养殖海域利用效率空间非均衡格局的相关建议。

Improving mariculture area utilization efficiency is a key measure to realize the sustainable development of marine resources.It is of great significance to explore the spatial disequilibrium of mariculture area utilization efficiency and causes in order to develop and use mariculture area rationally.This study took the data of 10 coastal regions from 2008 to 2017 as a sample,applied a stochastic frontier model in the form of a transcendental logarithmic production function to measure the mariculture area utilization efficiency.It then used the kernel density estimation,GINI coefficient,logarithmic average deviation,Theil index,and center of gravitystandard deviation ellipse to analyze the spatial disequilibrium state of utilization efficiency and change,and analyzed the causes of the spatial disequilibrium pattern.The results indicate that the mariculture area utilization efficiency in China is 69.85%,and there are significant differences in time and space.There is a clear spatial disequilibrium pattern.The center of gravity of the mariculture area utilization efficiency in China shows a"first south-next north-then south"zonal pattern,and the overall mariculture area utilization efficiency in the southern coastal areas has improved.The causes of the spatial disequilibrium pattern of utilization efficiency mainly include difference in the training level of producers,difference in the coverage of extension services,difference in the educational level of extension service employees,and difference in economic development levels.Based on the results,relevant recommendations for improving the spatial disequilibrium pattern of mariculture area utilization efficiency in China are put forward from three aspects:tapping into the potential of low-efficiency provinces,formulating local characteristics of mariculture development and utilization policies,and improving the mariculture promotion system.