气候变化和城市化对青岛降水的影响

Impact of Climate Change and Urbanization on Precipitation in Qingdao

利用青岛1961—2018年降水量、降水日数以及1 h年最大降水量观测资料,分析在气候变化和城市化进程下,青岛地区降水的时空变化特征。结果表明:1961—2018年青岛市年降水量和不同量级降水日数均呈减小或减少趋势,且减小和减少速率都是城市大于郊区。降水量的大值区主要集中在主城区下风方,城市效应明显。1981年以来,城市站和郊区站的降水量均表现为增加趋势,城市化对年降水量造成正贡献,贡献率为30.9%;青岛市小雨日数减少,中雨和大雨日数增加,城市化影响使得暴雨日数增加;青岛城区1 h年最大降水量呈增大趋势,郊区则表现为减小趋势。

Based on the data of annual mean precipitation,precipitation days and yearly one-hour maximum precipitation from 1961 to 2018 in Qingdao,the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation were analyzed.The results show that the annual precipitation and precipitation days with different levels all tended to be declining and the decreasing rate in urban areas was larger than that in suburbs.It indicated that there was obvious urbanization effect with the feature of larger rainfall areas appearing at downstream of the city.Since 1981,the precipitation in urban areas and suburbs all presented increase tendency and the positive contribution ratio of urbanization on annual precipitation was 30.9%.The precipitation days of small rainfall decreased but precipitation days of moderate and heavy rain increased.The effect of urbanization on precipitation days of torrential rain increased.The yearly one-hour maximum precipitation increased in urban areas and decreased in suburbs.