2019年江阴市重点职业病监测项目噪声作业人员职业健康检查结果分析

Analysis on occupational health examination results of noise-exposed workers in key occupational disease monitoring project of Jiangyin City in 2019

目的了解2019年江阴市噪声作业人员职业健康检查状况,为制定有针对性防治措施提供依据。方法对2019年江阴市接触噪声职业健康检查资料进行描述分析,从企业规模、经济类型、行业类别、性别、专业工龄及年龄6个方面对照相关标准限值进行统计分析。结果2019年江阴市接触噪声在岗期间职业健康检查16375人,主要集中分布在制造业(行业类别占比86.57%)、私有经济(经济类型占比76.39%)和小型企业(企业规模占比45.47%);其中男性占86.76%。占比较高的工龄段及年龄段分别为1~<5年(30.86%)和40~<50岁(42.29%)。作业人员听力测试结果显示,人数为双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB(A)的1601例,检出率为9.78%;行业类别中听力异常检出率最高的为租赁和商务服业(31.33%);经济类型中听力异常检出率较高的为国有经济(21.62%)及私有经济(11.84%);企业规模中检出率最高的为微型企业(20.67%);其中男性检出率为10.77%;检出率最高的工龄段及年龄段分别为15~<20年(15.22%)及50~<60岁(18.12%)。不同行业类别、经济类型、企业规模、性别、工龄及年龄患者作业人员听力异常检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。听觉外检查中,血压偏高者检出率为30.01%,心电图异常人次检出率为16.70%。结论2019年江阴市噪声职业危害广泛分布于辖区内的不同行业、企业规模、经济类型的工作场所中。噪声对人体健康的影响是多方面的,长期在噪声环境下作业,可引起听力、血压、心电图及血尿常规等的异常。职业卫生防治部门应加强对制造业、私有经济及小微企业噪声暴露的监管,以减少噪声对劳动者的危害。

Objective To investigate the occupational health examination status of workers exposed to noise in Jiangyin City in2019,provide basis for the development of targeted noise control measures.Methods An descriptive analysis was conducted on the data of special occupational noise examination in Jiangyin City,and the statistical analysis was carried out in terms of enterprise scale,economic type,industry category,gender,professional length of service and age.Results Totally 16375 noiseexposed workers received the in-service occupational physical examination in Jiangyin City in 2019,which mainly concentrated in manufacturing(86.57%by industry category),private economy(76.39%by economic type)and small enterprises(45.47%by business scale).Males accounted for 86.76%.The working age group of 1-<5 years(30.86%)and age group of 40-<50 years old(42.29%)accounted for the highest proportion.The workers’hearing test showed that 1601 had the results of binaural high frequency hearing threshold≥40 dB(A),and the detection rate was 9.78%.The highest detection rate among the industry categories was in the rental and business apparel industries(31.33%).Among the economic types,the state economy(21.62%)and private economy(11.84%)had the highest detection rate.Among the enterprises,the micro enterprises had the highest detection rate(20.67%).The highest detection rates were found in the working age groups of 15-<20 years(15.22%)and age group of 50-<60 years old(18.12%).The differences in detection rate among different industry category,economic type,enterprise size,gender,length of service and age were statistically significant(all P<0.01).In other examination,the detection rate of high blood pressure and abnormal ECG was 30.01%and 16.70%respectively.Conclusion In 2019,noise hazards are widely distributed in workplaces of different industries,enterprise scale and economic types in Jiangyin City.Noise affects human health in many ways.Long-term exposure to noise can cause abnormalities in hearing,blood pressure,electrocardiogram,blood routine and urine routine.Occupational health prevention and control departments should strengthen the supervision of noise exposure in manufacturing,private economy and small and micro enterprises,so as to reduce the harm to workers.