寡头干政何时了?——论乌克兰国家治理的困境及根源

When will be the End of Oligarch Interference in Politics?On Dilemma and Root Causes of Governance in Ukraine

乌克兰自独立以来,寡头影响成为其政治体制的重要特征和国家治理困境的关键因素。伴随经济、政治和社会的全面转轨,乌克兰寡头与政治精英建立起非正式的关系网络,并通过担任正式的政治职位和控制主要的大众媒体,操纵政治决策过程,以保持和扩大寻租机会。寡头政治作为乌克兰精英政治的一部分,是非正式的,也是国家寡头化的过程,不仅是危机的原因,更是危机的结果。乌克兰寡头对经济的垄断,阻碍了国家的发展和民主进程。政治权力转移没有对乌克兰寡头政治体制带来深刻影响,政府与寡头之间的关系没有发生实质性变化。寡头影响已经融入乌克兰的经济、政治和社会之中,打破寡头政治体系将是一项长期挑战。

Since Ukrainian independence referendum in 1991,influences of oligarchs have increasingly become an important feature and key factor of its political regime.With the overall transition in economy,politics and society,some Ukrainian oligarchs have gradually established informal networks with political elites.They held formal political positions and controlled major mass media,manipulating the political decision-making process to maintain and expand their rent-seeking room.As part of Ukrainian elite politics,oligarch politics is informal,which is both the cause and result of the crisis.Oligarchs’monopoly in economy has hindered development and democracy of Ukraine.Power transfer in politics has had few impacts on Ukrainian oligarchy.And there are no substantial changes in the relationship between the government and oligarchs as well.Actually,oligarchs’influences have been integrated into Ukraine’s economy,politics and society.It will be a long-term challenge for Ukraine to break away from its oligarch politics.