乡村振兴背景下中西部地区的能人治村

Village Governance by Capable People in Central and Western China under the Background of Rural Revitalization

随着乡村振兴战略的确立,村庄社会发展导向日益强烈,资源匮乏型地区的村治主体发生了新一轮的精英更替,能人治村广泛兴起。调研发现,能人治村是基层政权在强发展导向和发展诉求与弱发展能力之间的张力中寻求出路的一种策略性选择。与后税费时期中西部地区的中农治村和发达地区的富人治村不同的是,能人治村具有发展性、社会性和行政性的特点。能人自身的资源禀赋、村社内部的信任资源与乡村互惠的关系结构构成了能人治村的发展能力、发展动力和发展空间。但资源匮乏型地区的能人治村也带来了一些意外后果,表现为发展型村级债务的形成、基层微腐败现象的蔓延和村庄之间的分化加剧。实施乡村振兴战略,要准确定位村庄发展的目标,积极引导和规范村治主体的行为。

With the establishment of the rural revitalization strategy,the orientation of village social development has become increasingly strong;the main body of village governance in resource-poor areas has undergone a new round of elite replacement,and capable people have widely emerged in the village.Village survey found that capable people governing the village is a strategic choice for the grass roots government to find a way out in the tension between strong development orientation and development demands and weak development capabilities.Different from the villages governed by farmers in the middle and western regions and the by the rich in developed areas in the post-tax and fee period,the villages governed by capable people have the characteristics of development,sociality and administration.The capable person's own resource endowment,the trust within the village community and the rural reciprocal relationship structure constitute the development ability,development motivation and development space of the capable person to govern the village.The power and ability to govern the village of capable village cadres are established through the rural reciprocity and benefit absorption mechanism and the appeal response and authority construction mechanism.However,the ability to govern villages in resource-poor areas has also brought some unexpected consequences,which are manifested in the formation of development-oriented village-level debts,the spread of grassroots micro-corruption,and the intensification of differentiation between villages.To implement the strategy of rural revitalization,it is necessary to accurately position the goal of village development,and actively guide and standardize the behavior of the main body of village governance.