绿色建筑标准的法律构造:现实问题与完善路径

Legal construction of green building standards:realistic problems and improvement path

发展绿色建筑是缓解环境资源压力的重要途径,但我国绿色建筑发展并未达到预期,原因主要在于绿色建筑发展的法律制度支持不够,特别是绿色建筑标准体系不够完善,表现在《绿色建筑评价标准》强制性欠缺导致实践执行不力,以及对应的引导激励不够导致推行效果不佳。要改变这一局面、推动绿色建筑快速发展,须抓住绿色建筑标准这一绿色建筑发展的关键支撑因素,从修改完善《建筑法》和相关法律法规入手,确立绿色建筑标准制度,建立强制性标准和推荐性标准相互衔接、相互配合的绿色建筑标准体系。绿色建筑强制性标准的法理基础是公民和企业的环境义务,但目前强制性标准的直接法律依据尚不完备,需要在立法上对绿色建筑标准的内容进行明确,奠定绿色建筑标准强制推行的根基。推荐性标准是绿色建筑标准体系的重要组成部分,可以发挥引导和促进绿色建筑快速发展的作用,并与激励措施相配合获得实践效力,这需要政府积极履行职责、落实激励措施并明确强制化发展方向。最终应当在不同层级的法律和法规中规定绿色建筑强制性标准和推荐性标准的基本内容、组合形态、具体类型以及实施机制,从适用的建筑类型、标准的层级等方面划分为不同的类型,并以行政执法制度保障强制性标准的执行,以政策激励措施保证推荐性标准的贯彻,从而构建完善的绿色建筑标准制度并确保其落实到位。以绿色建筑标准为核心设计绿色建筑法律制度,强制推行措施和政策引导措施相互配合,可以为我国绿色建筑发展提供充足动力。

The development of green building is an important way to alleviate the pressure of environmental resources,but the practice in China has not met expectations,which mainly results from the lack of sufficient legal system support for green building development,especially the inadequate development of the green building standard system.This is manifested in the lack of mandatory force of the Assessment Standard for Green Building,which has led to its poor implementation,and the lack of corresponding guidance and incentives,which has led to the poor implementation of the Assessment Standard.To change this situation and promote the rapid development of green building,we must attach great importance to green building standards,a key supporting factor for the development of green building,and amend the Construction Law and related laws and regulations in order to establish a green building standard system in which mandatory and recommended standards are inter-connected and well-coordinated.The legal basis of the mandatory green building standards is the environmental obligations of citizens and enterprises,but the direct legislative basis of the mandatory standards is still insufficient.It is necessary to clearly define the relevant contents of the green building standards in legislation and establish the foundation for the mandatory implementation of the green building standards.Recommended standards are an important part of the green building standards system,which can play a role in guiding and promoting the rapid development of green building,and obtain practical effectiveness with proper incentives.This requires the government to actively perform its duties,implement incentive measures,and make clear the direction of mandatory development.Finally,the basic contents,combination forms,specific types and implementation mechanism of mandatory and recommended green building standards should be stipulated at different levels of laws and regulations.Green building standards should be divided into different types according to the building types,standard levels,etc.,and it is possible to build a comprehensive green building standard system and ensure its implementation if the enforcement system guarantees the implementation of the mandatory standards and the policy incentives ensure the implementation of the recommended standards.The green building legal system designed with the green building standards as the core and the synergy between the mandatory implementation measures and the policy guidance measures can provide sufficient momentum for the development of green building in China.