隐喻·交融·枢纽:民俗体育活动仪式中的象征符号功能表征——以罗锦社龙舟竞渡为个案

Metaphor,Blending,Medium:Functional Representation of Symbolic Signs in Folk Sports Activity Rituals in View of Luojinshe Dragon Boat Race

象征符号是仪式中保留着仪式行为独特属性的最小单元,也是仪式语境中独特结构的基本单元。运用人类学田野调查法、深描等研究方法,扎根于罗锦社龙舟竞渡仪式这一个案,通过对仪式过程的深度描写,归纳整理罗锦社龙舟竞渡仪式中的象征符号,并对其功能所指进行深入探讨。罗锦社龙舟竞渡仪式前的准备包括动员、修理船和运动员训练;仪式过程包括祭拜神明、请江、游港、拜安、出社竞赛、异社祭神、辞江等七个环节;仪式中的象征符号主要包括物化象征符号、行为象征符号、感觉象征符号、自然象征符号、社会象征符号、虚拟象征符号六大类。罗锦社龙舟竞渡仪式中象征符号的功能主要指向隐喻——作为意义浓缩的表征方式;交融——作为情感交流的支撑载体;枢纽——作为人神对话的媒介中心等三个方面。

Symbol is the smallest unit in the ceremony that retains the unique attributes of ritual behavior.It is also the basic unit of the unique structure in the ritual context.Adopting anthropological fieldwork,in-depth description and other research methods,this paper studied Luojinshe Dragon Boat Race ritual through ritual process and symbols.It showed that the preparations included mobilization,ship repair and athlete training.The ritual process included seven stages of worshiping the gods,requesting the river,visiting the port,praying for safety,leaving the club,worshipping the gods in different communities,and setting off.The symbols mainly included materialized symbols,behavioral symbols,sensory symbols,natural symbols,social symbols,and virtual symbols.Functions of symbols mainly served as metaphor representing condensed meaning,blending as a carrier for emotional communication,medium as a dialogue between man and the gods.