PM2.5对老年人呼吸系统的影响及相关机制

The Effects of PM2.5 on the Respiratory System of the Elderly and Related Mechanisms

PM2.5直径小表面积大,在空气中漂浮时间长,对呼吸系统有极大的损害。氧化应激、炎症反应、免疫损伤、DNA损伤、Ca2+稳态失衡是PM2.5造成呼吸系统损伤的主要机制。老年人由于其生理结构的改变,气道清除能力减弱,吸入PM2.5后,患呼吸系统疾病的风险增加。本综述主要从老年人呼吸系统特点、PM2.5致呼吸系统疾病的机制、致老年人呼吸系统疾病的风险及对呼吸系统疾病的影响四个方面阐述PM2.5对老年人呼吸系统的影响,旨在为后续研究的学者提供参考资料,同时也希望更多的学者关注PM2.5对老年人呼吸系统的损害。

PM2.5 has a small diameter and a large surface area, and it floats for a long time in the air, which has great damage to the respiratory system. Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, immune damage, DNA damage, and imbalance of Ca2+ homeostasis are the main mechanisms of PM2.5 causing respiratory system damage. Due to changes in their physiological structure, the elderly have reduced airway clearance. After inhaling PM2.5, the risk of respiratory diseases increases. This review mainly discusses the effects of PM2.5 on the respiratory system of the elderly from four aspects: the characteristics of the respiratory system of the elderly, the mechanism of PM2.5 causing respiratory diseases, the risk of causing respiratory diseases in the elderly, and the impact on respiratory diseases. It aims to provide reference materials for scholars in follow-up research, and hope that more scholars will pay attention to the damage of PM2.5 to the respiratory system of the elderly.