城市桥梁预制装配化绿色建造技术应用与发展

Utilization and Development of Prefabrication and Modular Green Construction for Urban Bridges

城市桥梁建设中,为避免传统施工方法产生的弊端,采用标准化设计、工厂化生产、装配化施工的桥梁施工技术能有效缩短施工工期,提高施工质量,减少对城市环境污染。预制装配化施工技术基于“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的发展理念,具有“一优二减三节四降”的优势。装配化绿色施工的基础是设计标准化,预制装配式桥梁上部结构需合理设置接缝位置、划分节段,重点考虑体外预应力及节段间剪力键连接设计;下部结构预制桥墩节段之间、预制墩身与盖梁、预制墩身与承台之间的连接通过灌浆套筒连接、普通混凝土湿接缝连接、插槽式连接等多种方式实现。装配式施工技术以后的发展方向主要体现在预制构件连接技术研究、设备研发、新材料及BIM技术的应用等方面。

To address the limitations of conventional construction methods,the concept of standardized design,factory manufacturing and modularized construction for urban bridges is proposed,which can lead to effective reduction of construction schedule,improvement of construction quality and alleviation of environment burden.Following the developing idea of fostering innovative,harmonious,green,open and shared society,the prefabrication and modular construction allows the structure to have better visual appearance,reduces the required materials and facilities and produces less construction waste,saves labor force,construction schedule and land needed,as well as minimizes the disruption to traffic,release transport burden of urban road network,reduces the dust and noise pollution and mitigates construction risk.Standardized design is the basis of the modular green construction.For the modular bridge,joints in the superstructure should be rationally laid out,dimensions of girder sections should be properly set,and design focus should be put on the external prestressing and shear connection between segments.Connection of different sections and different c omponents,for instance,connection of prefabricated pier sections,connection of pier shaft and cap beam,connection of pier shaft and pile cap,can be realized by various ways,such as the grouted sleeves,cast-in-situ stitches,and socket joints.Further studies of the modular construction technology will mainly concern the connection techniques for prefabricated components,research and development of equipment,utilization of new materials and BIM technology.