中国石山叶猴生态学研究进展

Advances in ecological research on the limestone langurs in China

喀斯特石山是一类特殊环境,生存在喀斯特石山的动物形成特殊的行为机制以适应这一特殊的环境。石山叶猴是仅分布于喀斯特石山地区的珍稀濒危灵长类动物,属疣猴亚科乌叶猴属的一个种组,包括黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)、白头叶猴(T.leucocephalus)、德氏叶猴(T.delacouri)、金头叶猴(卡巴叶猴,T.poliocephalus)、越南乌叶猴(T.hatinhensis)、印支黑叶猴(T.ebenus)、老挝乌叶猴(T.laotum)7种。迄今为止,对分布于中国的黑叶猴和白头叶猴的生态学已有较多研究,而对其他石山叶猴的研究较缺乏。本文对中国黑叶猴和白头叶猴的种群生态学、行为生态学、保护生物学研究进行综述,以促进叶猴生态学理论的发展和完善,为我国特有珍稀濒危动物保护提供基础资料。未来研究应关注石山叶猴的种群历史以及对栖息地破碎化和气候变化的适应机制等问题。

Limestone hill is a unique habitat. Animals inhabiting limestone hills have evolved unique behavioral mechanisms to adapt to specific conditions. The limestone langurs of the genus Trachypithecus are rare and endangered primate species,restricted to the habitats characterized by Karst topography. There are seven allopatric taxa of limestone langurs:Fran9 ois’ langur(Trachypithecus francois),white-headed langur(T. leucocephalus),Delacour’s langur(T. delacouri),Cat Ba langur(T. policephalus),Hatinh langur(T. hatinhensis),black langur(T. ebenus),and Lao langur(T. laotum).There are no systematic research on the ecology of limestone langurs,except for Fran9 ois’ langurs and white-headed langurs in China. This paper reviews the research advances on the poulation,behavior ecology,and conservation of Fran9 ois’ langurs and white-headed langurs in China. These efforts will improve our understanding of these species and provide important baseline information for the conservation of such rare and endangered species endemic to China. Further research should focus on the population history of limestone langurs,as well as the adaptive mechanisms in response to habitat fragmentation and climate change.