氮磷钾配方施肥对北苍术生长及有效成分含量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Formula Fertilization on the Growth and Content of Effective Components in Atractylodes chinensis

以北苍术为试材,采用正交实验与大田试验相结合的方法,研究了氮磷钾配方施肥对北苍术光合特性、生长指标及有效成分含量的影响,以期为北苍术的人工栽培提供施肥指导。结果表明:不同的氮磷钾配方施肥对北苍术植株光合作用、生长指标及有效成分含量均有显著性影响,且隶属函数分析发现北苍术高产优质的最优施肥方案为(N2P3K1)氮肥(N)180 kg·hm^-2、磷肥(P2O5)225 kg·hm^-2、钾肥(K2O)105 kg·hm^-2。该施肥方案下光合作用条件最优,生长指标最佳,有效成分含量最高,其中根茎鲜质量较空白组提高1.95倍,白术内酯Ⅱ、β-桉叶醇、苍术素、苍术酮含量分别提高1.53、8.03、1.60、2.98倍。因此,氮磷钾配方施肥是北苍术高产优质的保障,合理的施肥方案为"重施磷肥,适当补施氮钾肥"。

Taking A.chinensis as the test material,the method of combining orthogonal experiment and field experiment was adopted.The effects of formula fertilization of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)on photosynthetic characteristics,growth indexes and content of effective components of A.chinensis were studied,and with a view to provide fertilization guidance for artificial cultivation of A.chinensis.The results showed that different N,P and K fertilization formulations had significant effects on photosynthesis,growth index and active component content of A.chinensis.According to the analysis of the subordinate function,the optimal fertilization schemes for the high yield and high quality of A.chinensis were(N2P3K1)nitrogen(N)180 kg·hm^-2,phosphorus(P2O5)225 kg·hm^-2 and potash(K2O)105 kg·hm^-2.The fertilization scheme under the condition of the optimal photosynthesis,growth indexes of the best,the highest content of effective components,root fresh weight of 1.95 times higher than that of blank group,atractylenolideⅡ,β-Eudesmol,atractylodes and atractylone content increased by 1.53,8.03,1.60,2.98 times respectively.Therefore,N,P and K fertilization was the guarantee of high yield and high quality of A.chinensis.The reasonable fertilization program was’heavy application of P fertilizer,appropriate application of N and K fertilizer’.