意欲现象学的论题、领域与方法

The Topics,Fields and Methods of the Phenomenology of Will

意欲现象学的研究与认识现象学的研究都起步于1900年。普凡德尔与胡塞尔在意识现象学的各个方面都互有影响。意欲行为在整个意识领域的知情意三分中占有很大的权重。对意欲的分析既可以通过对作为及物动词和非及物动词的意欲之区分来进行,也可以通过对意愿、意志与意动三个本质因素的把握与析取来进行。意欲现象学研究的一个重要特点在于:在意欲分析中蕴涵着对意识的结构研究和发生研究两方面的可能性,而且因此也进一步蕴涵着对从理论意向性到实践意向性,或者也可以说,从实践意向性到理论意向性的意识发生研究的双重可能性。因而,意欲现象学在此意义上构成整个意识现象学研究的多重意义上的起点。

Both the phenomenology of will and the phenomenology of cognition proceeded from 1900.Pfänder and Husserl influenced one another in each aspect of the phenomenology of consciousness.In the threefold division of the whole milieu of consciousness,namely,intellect,emotion,and consciousness,the act of will accounts for a significant weighting.The analysis with regard to will can be performed via differentiating between the will as a transitive verb and that as an intransitive verb,but also via grasping and analyzing the three eidetic factors of inclination,will,and conation.One significant property of the study of the phenomenology of will is:in the analyses of will,there is embraced the possibility to study the two aspects of the construction and the genesis of consciousness;moreover,there are further embraced the double possibilities to study the genesis of consciousness from theoretical to practical intentionality or,so to speak,from practical to theoretical intentionality.In this sense,the phenomenology of will constitutes the starting point in many-fold senses of the studies of the whole phenomenology of consciousness.