调优站网布局融合乡村振兴提升气象服务精细的思考

Integrating the Layout of Optimized Automatic Weather Stations into Rural Vitalization and Improving Meteorological Services

为减少门头沟区地形复杂、局地性强对流天气多发给当地人民群众生命财产安全造成的极大威胁,分析了门头沟区区域自动气象站调优前后不同地形的降水分布,结合实例分析调优后站网在乡村振兴和精细化气象服务中的实效,并提出相关建议。结果表明:2018—2019年新增气象站26个,平均距离约7 km;2006—2017年汛期平均降水量低海拔地区多于中、高海拔地区;站网调优后,2018年汛期降水量中、高海拔地区多于低海拔地区;部分气象站在实际强降雨过程中发挥实效;还可从加强现有气象站网管理、加密建设气象站网、加强多种气象方式融合应用、完善气象监测体系机制4个方面高效发挥站网监测精密能力,有利于基层气象部门将精细化气象服务融入当地乡村振兴战略之中,在全国气象部门中起到良好的示范作用。

The study aims to reduce the great threats to the safety of life and property of local residents imposed by the complex terrain of Mentougou District and frequent strong convective weather in local areas.The differences in the precipitation distribution of different terrain were identified before and after the optimization of regional automatic weather stations in Mentougou District.We evaluated the effects of optimized automatic weather stations on rural vitalization and fine meteorological services,and proposed related advices.26 weather stations were newly introduced between 2018 and 2019,with an average distance of about 7km.The average precipitation in low altitudes was greater than that in middle and high altitude regions during flood seasons in 2006-2017.After the optimization to automatic weather stations,the average precipitation in middle and high altitudes exceeded that in low altitude areas during the flood season in 2018.The weather stations were effective in heavy rainfalls.The effectiveness of these weather stations could be increased by:1)reinforcing the management of the stations;2)improving the construction of the stations;3)strengthening the integrated application of various meteorological methods;and 4)improving the meteorological monitoring system and mechanism.This would promote primary meteorological departments to integrate fine meteorological services into the local rural revitalization strategy,thereby playing a good exemplary role for the meteorological departments throughout the country.